Thermal leptogenesis is an attractive mechanism for generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. However, in supersymmetric models, the parameter space is severely restricted by the gravitino bound on the reheat temperature TRH . For hierarchical light neutrino masses, it is shown that thermal leptogenesis can work when TRH ∼ 10 GeV. The lowenergy observable consequences of this scenario ar...

INDEX OF SYMBOLS A Area enclosed by coil a Coil mean radius b Coil axial thickness c Coil radial thickness D Side length of square coil d Wire-to-wire spacing K Nagoaka coil constant l Coil length p Perimeter enclosed by coil P, F Grover disk coil constants R Circular wire radius s Side length of generic polygon w Trace width x, y Mean side lengths of rectangular coil μo Magnetic permeability o...

One of the main challenges in developing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems is to create a static coil that needs to generate magnetic field density along with the characteristics of optimal homogeneity and magnitude size. To do this, two N42 Block PMs are used and the iron core is designed and optimized in accordance with the dimensions of PM pieces using ANSYS Maxwell software. Then, al...

The principle object of this paper is to offer a modified design of Rogowski coil based on its frequency response. The improvement of the integrator circuit for nullifying the phase difference between the waveforms of the measured-current and the corresponding terminal voltage is a further object of this investigation. This paper addresses an accurate, yet more efficient measuring and protect...

statement of problem: a recent technique (mbt) has been introduced for easy and efficient orthodontic treatment by means of straight wire fixed appliances. although this technique has many advantages, in space closure stage causes up righting problem in upper incisors, which should be adjusted by applying additional torque in anterior region. purpose: the purpose of this clinical trial was to d...

hot spots are among the most serious operational issues in furnaces as they may result in the destruction of tubes. hence, it is essential to locate such hot spots precisely on the tube surfaces inside the industrial furnaces in order to secure a safe design and operation. in the current study, we have extended the model proposed by talmor in order to precisely locate the combustion hot spots o...

The induction coil sensors (called also search coils, pickup coils or magnetic loop sensors) are described. The design methods of air coils and ferromagnetic core coils are compared and summarized. The frequency properties of the coil sensors are analyzed and various methods of output signal processing are presented. Special kinds of induction sensors, as Rogowski coil, gradiometer sensors, vib...

In the early universe, evaporating black holes heat up surrounding plasma and create a temperature profile around hole that can be more important than itself. As an example, we demonstrate how hot efficiently produce monopoles via Kibble-Zurek mechanism. case where reheat temperatures above $\sim 500$ GeV already lead to overclosing universe.