نتایج جستجو برای: reinforcing efficacy
تعداد نتایج: 317146 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We investigated the potential role of the 1-containing GABAA receptor in regulating the reinforcing properties of alcohol. To accomplish this, we developed 3-propoxy-carboline hydrochloride (3-PBC), a mixed agonist–antagonist benzodiazepine site ligand with binding selectivity at the 1 receptor. We then tested the capacity of 3-PBC to block alcohol-maintained responding in the ventral pallidum ...
BACKGROUND Current dietary guidelines recommend that dietary fat should comprise 20-35% percent of total energy intake, with less than 10% of energy from saturated fat. However, many Americans exceed these goals and data suggest that African Americans tend to consume a higher percentage of energy from dietary fat than Whites. Because diets low in dietary fat, particularly saturated fat, are ass...
It has been reported that among drugs with mixed actions on central nervous system monoamine systems, increased serotonergic activity is associated with decreased potency as a reinforcer. The present experiment was designed to examine this relationship for amphetamine analogs that varied in serotonin releasing potency and to evaluate whether serotonergic actions can affect reinforcing efficacy....
OBJECTIVE Reinforcing value (motivating value) is a stronger predictor than hedonic value (liking) for engaging in drug use, gambling, and eating. The associations of reinforcing value and liking with physical activity of adults have not yet been studied and may depend on the modes of exercise (e.g., aerobic/cardiovascular exercise, resistance training) under consideration. The purpose of this ...
Cocaine and heroin often are abused by self-administering the drugs in combination as a "speedball". We evaluated the extent to which intrinsic efficacy at the mu-opioid receptor influences combined cocaine-opioid self-administration and used the behavioral economic model termed "labor supply" to quantitatively evaluate the reinforcing effects of cocaine-opioid combinations. Rhesus monkeys (n =...
OBJECTIVE Endovascular repair remains a challenge in the treatment of juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs); open surgery is now the treatment of choice. Because the proximal anastomosis involves a fragile aortic wall and renal ischemic time is correlated with postoperative renal dysfunction, simple and secure reinforcing of the suture line is indispensable in juxtarenal AAA repair. Our ...
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity is important for midlife women. Models and theories help better understanding this behavior among middle-aged women and better planning for change behavior in target group. This study aimed to investigate predictive factors of regular physical activity among middle-aged women based on PRECEDE model as a theoretical framework. METHODS This descriptive-analy...
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