BACKGROUND The main adverse effects of beta 1 agonists relate to their systemic activity. The time course and dose response relations of the systemic effects of salmeterol compared with salbutamol were investigated. METHODS A double blind, randomised, crossover study was carried out in 14 healthy subjects who attended on seven days. Heart rate, QTc interval, blood pressure, plasma potassium a...

combination with either the resin monomers or the mixture. To calculate relative carcinogenic potency, we compared the dose-response relationship obtained for the unknowns with that obtained for a reference skin carcinogen, benzo(a)pynene. Our index of comparison was the concentration applied per week of unknown, relative to benzo(a)pyrene, that would be necessary to elicit a common risk or pro...

Nucleic acid vaccines represent an attractive approach to generating antigen-specific immunity because of their stability and simplicity of delivery. However, there is still a need to increase the potency of DNA vaccines. Using human papillomavirus type 16 E7 as a model antigen, we evaluated the effect of linkage to Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on the potency of anti...

Chemicals that have the intrinsic property to modulate or even disrupt the endocrine system are present in the human environment. Because it is the potency of such chemicals that determines the toxicologic relevance, assessment of the risk to human health must consider both the endocrine disrupting potential and the potency. Usually in vitro assays are applied to detect the potential of a hormo...

BACKGROUND Effective toxicologic evaluation of skin sensitization requires that potential contact allergens are identified and that the likely risks of sensitization among exposed populations are assessed. By definition, chemicals that are classified as contact sensitizers have the capacity to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in humans. However, this hazard is not an all-or-nothing pheno...

Opioid antagonists can be classified as inverse agonists and neutral antagonists. In the opioid-dependent state, neutral antagonists are significantly less potent in precipitating withdrawal than inverse agonists. Consequently, neutral opioid antagonists may offer advantages over inverse agonists in the management of opioid overdose. In this study, the relative potency of three opioid antagonis...