The gametocidal activities of chloroquine and artesunate were compared. The relative risk (RR) of having detectable gametocytes appear after treatment initiation was lower in artesunate-treated patients (n = 792) than in chloroquine-treated patients (n = 695) (RR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.40; P < 0.0001). The duration and magnitude of gametocyte carriage were also lower for artesunate than chlo...

Women with false-positive results are commonly referred back to routine screening. Questions remain regarding their long-term outcome of breast cancer. We assessed the risk of screen-detected breast cancer in women with false-positive results. We conducted a joint analysis using individual level data from the population-based screening programs in Copenhagen and Funen in Denmark, Norway, and Sp...

The prevalence and severity of tooth wear is increasing in industrialised nations. Yet, there is no high-level evidence to support or refute any therapeutic intervention. In the absence of such evidence, many currently prevailing management strategies for tooth wear may be failing in their duty of care to first and foremost improve the oral health of patients with this disease. This paper promo...

BACKGROUND Relative risk is a summary metric that is commonly used in epidemiological investigations. Increasingly, epidemiologists are using log-binomial models to study the impact of a set of predictor variables on a single binary outcome, as they naturally offer relative risks. However, standard statistical software may report failed convergence when attempting to fit log-binomial models in ...

We present preliminary clinical experience with combined consideration of the commonly used BMI (body mass index) and the newly developed ABSI (a body shape index) using a point of care anthropometric calculator for comparisons of index values and associated relative risks to population normals. In a series of 282 patients, BMI and ABSI were close to being independently distributed, supporting ...

BACKGROUND While the "widowhood effect" is well known, there is substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude of effects reported in different studies. We conducted a meta-analysis of widowhood and mortality, focusing on longitudinal studies with follow-up from the time of bereavement. METHODS AND FINDINGS A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) f...

A common practice of metanalysis is combining the results of numerous studies on the effects of a risk factor on a disease outcome. If several of these composite relative risks are estimated from the medical literature for a specific disease, they cannot be combined in a multivariate risk model, as is often done in individual studies, because methods are not available to overcome the issues of ...

BACKGROUND Studies have found that reproductive factors might have a variable effect on the occurrence of breast cancer (BC) according to the existence or not of a family history of BC. The effect of a family history of BC on the risk of BC may also vary according to the age at diagnosis and the degree of kinship. This may confound the relation between familial risk and reproductive factors. A ...

To investigate breast-feeding patterns and factors encouraging early weaning, a survey was conducted in Tonalá and Tlaquepaque, two suburbs within Guadalajara's metropolitan area, in 1991. For this purpose a multiphase probabilistic sample of infants born in these areas from May 1990 through April 1991 was selected. This was done by choosing at random primary health care units in the study area...

To quantitatively assess the association between parity and all-cause mortality, we conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Relevant reports were identified from PubMed and Embase databases. Cohort studies with relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality in three or more categories of parity were eligible. Eighteen articles with 2,813,418 participants wer...