The design of a clinical trial is a complex business that requires careful consideration of several factors, with one of the most crucial being the assessment of the targeted improvement in the primary outcome measure, which is also one of the principal determinants of sample size. The article by Castonguay et al in the current issue of Cancer reviews the accuracy with which the median progress...

Psychiatrists encounter persons from diverse cultures who profess experiences (e.g., communicating with spirits) that evoke intuitions of abnormality. This view might not be shared with the person or her/his cultural peers, raising questions concerning the justification of such intuitions. This article explores three positions relevant to the process of justification. The relativist position tr...

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has dramatically changed the way organizations communicate, understand, and interact with their potential consumers. In context of this trend, ethical considerations advertising when applying AI should be core question for marketers. This paper discusses six dominant algorithmic purchase decision pathways that align philosophies online customers buying a pr...

Those involved in the current revival of ethical naturalism claim that this approach offers an escape from inadequacy moral relativism, especially nihilism entailed its denial objective standards for our normative discourse. From perspective, nature becomes foundation claims. The following discussion generally ignores logical and ideological issues using way instead shows far replacing relativi...

Abstract In this paper, I take issue with the idea that Michel Foucault might be considered a theorist of epistemic injustice, and argue his philosophical premises are incompatible Miranda Fricker’s. Their main disagreement rests upon their divergent ways conceiving relationship between reason power, giving rise to contrasting forms normativity characterize critical projects. This can helpfully...

This study aimed to explore the role of language type in personality ethic- as a social paradigm. To do so, 30 Iranian advanced bilingual EFL university students were selected based on their performance on the OPT. Then, they were asked to respond to an ethical survey as modelled by Poulshock in two Persian and English versions at the time interval of one month. Their responses to both versions...