Introduction of minimally invasive techniques has revolutionized the surgical management of renal calculi. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are now both well-established procedures. Each modality has advantages and disadvantages, and the application of each should be based on well-defined factors. These variables include stone factors such as number, size, ...

We describe a patient with the rare combination of uric acid calculi, familial hypouricaemia, and increased renal urate clearance.

PURPOSE To determine the effects of calculus size, composition, and technique (kilovolt and milliampere settings) on the conspicuity of renal calculi at unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors performed unenhanced CT of a phantom containing 188 renal calculi of varying size and chemical composition (brushite, cystine, struvite, weddellite, whewellite, an...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the role of retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy in the management of renal calculi. METHODS Fifty-six cases (male, 27; female, 29) of solitary or multiple renal calculi were evaluated in the study. There were 46 patients with a single calculus, 4 patients with a staghorn calculus, and 6 with a caliceal calculus. Retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy was carried out after ...