The testicular vein drains into inferior vena cava on the right side and left renal vein on the left side(stranding). Variation of the right gonadal vein draining in the right renal vein is reported by only a few authors as compared to the left side. Bergman found this variation in 1.5 %( 4 out of 220 cases) [1]. The knowledge of the normal as well as variation of the testicular vessels has its...

Arteriovenous fistulas are widely used for hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal failure. Due to the lack of suitable veins because of the arteriovenous fistulas previously opened in the upper extremity, alternative access routes are being tested. Few complications of long-term alternative arteriovenous fistulas have been reported in the literature. We report the results of surgical repair...

A partially fused supernumerary kidney with bifid ureters was diagnosed in a 35-year-old female patient using ultrasound and triple-phased computed tomography (CT). The CT also revealed two separate renal arteries supplying each of the left kidney and multiple left renal veins, forming a common trunk to drain into the inferior vena cava. Supernumerary kidney is a rare congenital anomaly; fewer ...

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A previous report25 described massive hemorrhage and accumulation of turbid fluid in the subcapsular and perirenal tissues after ligation of the ureters in dogs. More detailed study has shown that these lesions result from extension of necrosis from the fornices of the pelvis through the renal parenchyma with consequent leakage of the retained fluid into the surrounding tissue. The necrosis may...

RATIONALE Among the causes of swelling in the extremities of renal transplantation patients, secondary lymphedema caused by complete idiopathic obstruction of large veins is rare and may be difficult to diagnose and treat. PATIENT CONCERNS A 64-year-old man presented with severe edema and pain that occurred suddenly in the right arm. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed as stage-2 secondary ...