The sequences involved in the replication and packaging of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) RNA have been studied. The structure of a TGEV defective interfering RNA of 9.7 kb (DI-C) was described previously (A. Mendez, C. Smerdou, A. Izeta, F. Gebauer, and L. Enjuanes, Virology 217: 495-507, 1996), and a cDNA with the information to encode DI-C RNA was cloned under the control of the ...

This paper proposes an architecture for the replication of program modules enabling them to behave in accordance with their own local knowledge, without any inj-i’uence by not only their location, replication degree and fault-tolerant mechanism but also system level modules. In the proposed architecture, program modules are implemented as objects and communication among them is carried out by a...

We demonstrate that cell-free extracts prepared from activated eggs of X. laevis by a method similar to that of Lohka and Masui initiate and complete semiconservative DNA replication of sperm nuclei and plasmid DNA. The efficiency of replication is comparable to that in the intact egg. Under optimal conditions 70%-100% of nuclei, and up to 38% of naked DNA molecules replicate completely. Genuin...

Plasmid pT181 DNA secondary structures have been analyzed in vitro by nuclease S1 digestion and in vivo by bromoacetaldehyde treatment. A cruciform structure occurring at the pT181 replication origin in vitro is greatly enhanced by the binding of the plasmid-encoded initiator protein RepC. In vivo a DNA secondary structure also existed in the replication origin. Its frequency of formation was c...

We analyzed the functionality of different dnaA protein binding sites by assaying in vitro dnaA-dependent replication of pBR322 derivatives. Single dnaA sites from oriC and from the mioC and dnaA gene promoters were active when combined with the primer generating element of pBR322 in a proper distance. Prereplisome assembly did not require sequences in addition to the 9-base pair consensus dnaA...

Cell reproduction involves replication of diverse molecule species, in contrast to simple replication system with fewer components. Here, we address why such diversity is sustained despite the efficiency of simple replication systems, using a cell model with catalytic reaction dynamics that grew by uptake of environmental resources. Limited resources led to increased diversity of components wit...

Replication is a key strategy for improving locality, fault tolerance and availability in distributed systems. The paper focuses on distributed file systems and presents a system to transparently manage file replication through a network of workstations sharing the same distributed file system. The system integrates an adaptive file replication policy that is capable of reacting to changes in t...

Detection of node replication attacks is a challenging task in mobile sensor networks. Most of the existing system used to detect node replication using witness finding strategy which cannot be applied to mobile networks, because in mobile sensor networks nodes frequently change its location within the network or move to other network. Velocity exceeding strategy used in existing system in mobi...

G-quadruplex (G4)-forming genomic sequences, including telomeres, represent natural replication fork barriers. Stalled replication forks can be stabilized and restarted by homologous recombination (HR), which also repairs DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) arising at collapsed forks. We have previously shown that HR facilitates telomere replication. Here, we demonstrate that the replication effici...

Most vertebrate and plant RNA and small DNA viruses suppress genomic CpG and UpA dinucleotide frequencies, apparently mimicking host mRNA composition. Artificially increasing CpG/UpA dinucleotides attenuates viruses through an entirely unknown mechanism. Using the echovirus 7 (E7) model in several cell types, we show that the restriction in E7 replication in mutants with increased CpG/UpA dinuc...