This paper will cover the diseases of the urogenital system of reptiles. It is not a comprehensive review. More in-depth disease descriptions can be found in the articles, website, and reference books listed in the literature cited. The paper is divided by etiologic disease categories involving the urogenital system. A short discussion of the disease conditions is found in each section. For the...

Ultraviolet lighting is integral for the growth and maintenance of many reptile and amphibian species. But providing an adequate source of light can be challenging. Many disease processes seen by veterinarians are attributed to ultraviolet lighting deficiencies. In mammals, disease due to excess ultraviolet lighting has been noted, and some veterinarians feel this may be a potential issue in re...

In recent years, representatives of more than 40 families of reptiles have been studied to understand how environmental parameters affect sex determination. In this review, we summarise the distribution and taxonomic pattern of sex determining mechanisms, outline the main hypotheses of the adaptive significance of temperature sex determination (TSD), and of skewed population sex ratios. We also...

In many reptiles, the thermal regimes experienced by eggs in natural nests vary as a function of ambient weather and location, and this variation has important impacts on patterns of embryonic development. Recent advances in non-invasive measurement of embryonic heart rates allow us to answer a long-standing puzzle in reptilian developmental biology: Do the metabolic and developmental rates of ...

Here are two indisputable facts: we are living in the age of mammals [1], and immunologically intact mammals are highly resistant to fungal diseases, such that most human systemic fungal are considered ‘‘opportunistic’’ [2]. Could these two facts be connected? The mammalian lifestyle is characterized by endothermy, homeothermy, and care for the young, including nourishment via lactation, all of...