The Agile Manifesto values “customer collaboration over contract negotiation”. However, in many real projects, Agile practitioners spend considerable time and effort negotiating contracts with customers. We have conducted grounded theory research in India with Agile practitioners. In this paper we present the strategies these practitioners use to overcome the problems of negotiating contracts. ...

The basic building blocks of Design by Contract are Boolean assertions, which are used to express preconditions, postconditions and invariants. For composed commands, i.e. for commands whose effect is realized using other commands, the expressiveness of such contracts appears to be insufficient. In this paper, we propose an extension of the Design by Contract methodology that enables us to expr...

Background: ART contracts involving third parties have been created while clinical reproductive treatments are globally widespread. Iran is pioneer in applying these treatments in middle-east due to shii’at jurisprudence prescribing them. This key role in region, has raised Iranian jurists’ responsibility in developing a legal system regarding administration of ART. The most significant part of...

islamic venture capital is one of the new methods of islamic finance which despite gaining approval of many professionals about its special advantages and efficiency, it has not been adequately considered by islamic finance experts. hence, most studies conducted so far have only introduced mudharabah and musharakah for financing in the process of islamic venture capital while it is possible to ...

Recent applications of game-theoretic analysis to supply chain efficiency have focused on constructs between a buyer (the retailer or manufacturer) and a seller (the supplier) in successive stages of a supply chain. If demand for the final product is stochastic then the supplier has an incentive to keep its capacity relatively low to avoid creating unneeded capacity. The manufacturer, on the ot...

Using a proprietary dataset provided by a major manufacturer of aircraft engines, we empirically investigate the impact of incentives present in after-sales repair and maintenance support contracts on product reliability. In particular, we compare the reliability of products under time and material (T&M) contracts, which have been used traditionally in the airline industry, with the reliability...