CONTEXT The acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are critical illnesses associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone of supportive therapy. However, despite several important advances, the optimal strategy for ventilation and adjunctive therapies for patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is ...

OBJECTIVE Although all definitions of acute respiratory distress syndrome use some measure of hypoxemia, neither the Berlin definition nor recently proposed pediatric-specific definitions proposed by the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference utilizing oxygenation index specify which PaO2/FIO2 or oxygenation index best categorizes lung injury. We aimed to identify variables associated...

As in the adult with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the use of lung-protective ventilation has improved outcomes for neonatal lung diseases. Animal models of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia have provided evidence that 'gentle ventilation' with low tidal volumes and 'open-lung' strategies of using positive end-expiratory pres...

Objective: To establish the frequency of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in kidney transplant patients with pneumonia and to define the risk factors associated with its development. Material and Methods: 81 kidney transplant patients hospitalized with pneumonia for the period of three years were studied. All the recipients were observed for the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Synd...

THE term transient tachypnoea of the newborn (T.T.N.) was first used by Avery in 1966 to describe a condition characterised by a rapid respiratory rate during the first hours of life, with few or no accompanying signs of respiratory distress. Since then many authors have written about this syndrome under a variety of titles"Neonatal Tachypnoea" (Malan 1966), "Transient Respiratory Distress of t...

INTRODUCTION Legionella pneumonia can appear with different levels of severity and it can often present with complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 44-year-old Caucasian man with Legionella pneumonia with successive development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. During his stay in intensive care the clinical and radiolo...

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and short-term outcome of mechanically ventilated children suffering from acute lung injury (ALI) on a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Between January 1 1998 and January 1 2000, all mechanically ventilated children were evaluated using the criteria of an American-European Consensus Conference. Of the 443 children eligible for analysis,...