Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease, which reduces the lung function and causes respiratory symptoms over time, and it is primarily associated with shortness of breath, cough and sputum production. Roflumilast, which is a long-acting selective inhibitor, reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of the main symptoms of COPD. The aim of ...

Background. Middle-aged women are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders because of the decreased muscle mass and bone density caused by a decreased endocrine function. Objectives. This study investigated the effectiveness of a stabilization exercise using respiratory resistance on female patients in their 40s with low back pain. Methods. Forty-four female patients in their 40s with low back pa...

Respiratory failure produces significant changes in many aspects of renal function. Whereas in response to acute hypercapnia, body buffering mecha­ nisms are of primary importance in maintaining pH, in adaptation to chronic hypercapnia, increased renal excretion of acid is predominant. Augmented secretion of ammonia accounts solely for the net increase in renal acid excre­ tion. During chronic ...

In the last two decades, respiratory muscle function in patients has received considerable attention, particularly since ROUSSOS and MACKLEM [1] hypothesized that respiratory muscle fatigue may be responsible for the development of respiratory failure. Although subsequent research has hitherto largely failed to demonstrate the frequent occurrence of respiratory muscle fatigue [2], it is now cle...

Oxygen consumption dedicated to respiratory work (V̇O2RESP) during quiet breathing is small in normal patients. In the morbidly obese, at high minute ventilations, V̇O2RESP is greater than in normal patients, but V̇O2RESP during quiet breathing in these patients is not known. We postulated that such patients have increased V̇O2RESP at rest which may predispose them to respiratory failure when addit...

sleep deprivation (sd) is known to result in a range of neurological, cognitive and physical consequences in chronically-afflicted subjects. the respiratory nuclei of brain-stem tend to play a pivotal part in the regulating sleep function, hence hypothesized to be affected in various types of sleep-related dysfunctions. the purpose of this methodological report is to explain the techniques of r...

A summary of the seven fatal cases is given. THIs small monograph has three sections, the first devoted to elementary principles of anatomy and physiology of the lungs. The second gives a very brief description of four of the commonest medical conditions of the chest-emphysema, bronchiectasis, bronchopsasm and upper respiratory infections. In the third surgical chest conditions and their treatm...

Postoperative pulmonary complications contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality, especially after major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Clinically relevant pulmonary complications include the exacerbation of underlying chronic lung disease, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pneumonia and respiratory failure with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complic...