It has been reported that stress can alter nociception from superficial tissues, such as skin and subcutaneous region. However, the influence of stress on an experimental deep nociception model is not understood. In this study, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) formalin test was used to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic restraint stress on nociceptive responses in rats. Animals were ini...

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesised in the parvocellular region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and released into the pituitary portal vessels acts on the 1b receptor subtype (Avpr1b) present in anterior pituitary corticotrophs to modulate the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Corticotrophin-releasing hormone is considered the major drive behind ACTH release; howeve...

Postnatal handling of rat pups is known to alter permanently hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to a wide variety of stressors. As adults, handled (H) and nonhandled (NH) animals also differ in sensitivity to the delayed negative-feedback effects of glucocorticoids on stress-induced HPA activity. However, it is not understood how handling alters neuroendocrine responses to stressful...

The present study was conducted to elucidate the susceptibility of embryos and fetuses at different gestational stages to the maternal stress in mice. Groups of pregnant ICR mice were subjected to daily 12-h restraint stress, taped in the supine position on a plastic board, on gestational days (GD) 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 and 13-16, respectively. Caesarean sections were performed on gestational day 18, ...

The role of hypothalamic structures in the regulation of chronic stress responses was studied by lesioning the mediobasal hypothalamus or the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH). Rats were acutely (60 min) and/or repeatedly (for 7 days) restrained. In controls, a single restraint elevated the plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticosterone, and prolactin levels. Repeated restraint p...

27 In vertebrates, acute stressors, although short in duration, can influence physiology and behavior 28 over a longer time course, which might have important ramifications under natural conditions. In 29 laboratory rats, for example, acute stress has been shown to increase anxiogenic behaviors for days 30 after a stressor. In the present study, we quantified voluntary wheel-running behavior fo...

Restraint stress produces changes in the sleep pattern that are mainly characterized by a delayed increase in rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) amounts. Because the serotonin (5-HT) and the hypocretin (hcrt) systems that regulate REMS are interconnected, we used mutant mice deficient in the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT(-/-)) to examine the role of 5-HT and hcrt neurotransmissions in the sleep response...

Clinical evidence suggests that nicotine reduces anxiety in stressful situations. In the present study, we investigated the effect of nicotine on restraint-enhanced anxiety-like behavior, c-Fos expression, an index of neuronal activation in the brain, and plasma corticosterone. Two-hour restraint stress-enhanced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and nicotine hydrogen tartrat...

Restraint stressed rats were used as a model of Shanghuo and a global metabolic investigation of the effects of cantonese herbal tea (CHT) on the model rats was then performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) metabonomics in an attempt to characterize the metabolic changes underlying such stress and any protective effects of CHT. Serum and urinary GC/MS profiling of rats exposed ...

Prefrontal cortex is a target for glucocorticoids, shows neurochemical changes in response to stress and mediates many of the behaviors that are altered by chronic corticosterone administration. Three weeks of either daily corticosterone injections or 3 h daily restraint stress result in dendritic changes in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, vehicle injection results...