It is well documented that negative urgency, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act impulsively in the face of negative emotions, and dietary restraint independently increase risk to binge eat; however, it is unclear how these factors interact to alter risk for such behavior. It may be that individuals high on negative urgency, who also engage in dietary restraint, are at a grea...

PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic integrative review was to summarize the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions or programs to reduce physical restraint use in long-term care facilities. CONCLUSIONS Research findings indicate that physical restraint reduction programs which included an educational component, restraint removal, and interventions individualized to...

With the use of a restraint stress paradigm, both normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY ) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) underwent acute (1-hour restraint in a Perspex tube), chronic (1-hour restraint for 10 consecutive days), or no-restraint (control) stress. Rats experiencing chronic restraint were previously implanted with telemetric probes to measure heart rate and blood pressure. ...

Direct observation of child restraint use was combined with interviews and mail questionnaires to measure prevalence of various child restraint practices and factors related to use of child safety seats and seat belts for children under the age of four. Trained observers assessed multiple dimensions of child restraint practices for a sample of motorists entering fast-food parking lots in Michig...

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of organizational characteristics on physical restraint use for hospitalized nursing home residents. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data obtained between 1994 to 1997 in a prospective phase lag design experiment using an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention aimed at reducing physical restraint for a group of hospitalized nursing home residents. SETTING E...

Of 2,275 cases of non-fatal injuries sustained by all categories of road users 185 were inflicted on back seat passengers. Twenty-six such passengers sustained severe and 66 moderately severe injuries. Only two patients (aged 18 months and 3 years) wore any form of restraint. Back seat passengers may be injured by impact with the rear of the front seat or other objects in the rear compartment; ...

Restraint can be applied in a physical way, via medication or by more subtle means. An attempt by an individual to restrain another is legally justifiable in limited situations, for example to prevent a person committing a crime. In other circumstances, restraint is unjustifiable. It is important, from a legal and moral perspective, to ensure that nursing practice does not involve unjustifiable...

Reenactment of the circumstances in deaths associated with restraint, utilizing participants and witnesses while memories are fresh, may help death investigators more accurately determine the cause of death. Two recent deaths in Ventura County that occurred during restraint are discussed. Within a day of the autopsies the restrainers agreed to participate in reenactments of the restraint proces...

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is the primary mediator of stress responses, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) plays an important role in the modulation of these stress responses. Thus, in this multidisciplinary study, we explored the relationship between the N/OFQ and the CRF systems in response to stress. Using in situ hybridization (ISH), we assessed the effect of body restraint stress...