Sunlight is a known human carcinogen. Many cosmetics contain retinoid-based compounds, such as retinyl palmitate (RP), either to protect the skin or to stimulate skin responses that will correct skin damaged by sunlight. However, little is known about the photodecomposition of some retinoids and the toxicity of these retinoids and their sunlight-induced photodecomposition products on skin. Thus...

1. Vitamin A is the generic term designating any compound with beta-ionone structure having qualitatively the biological activity of retinol. The recommended posology is 10 000 to 20 000 IU/kg bw in calves and adult cattle, 6 000 IU/kg bw in sheep and goats, 1 500 IU/kg bw in horses, 2 000 to 3 000 IU/kg bw in pigs, poultry and rabbits either by oral, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes. Vita...

Retinoids are essential for the maintenance of epithelial differentiation. As such, they play a fundamental role in chemoprevention of epithelial carcinogenesis and in differentiation therapy. Physiological retinoic acid is obtained through two oxidation steps from dietary retinol, i.e. retinol-->retinal-->retinoic acid. The latter retinal-->retinoic acid step is irreversible and eventually mar...

-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial is a nationwide chemoprevention trial that recruited 18,314 high-risk individuals to test the effect of supplemental -carotene and retinol on lung cancer incidence. In this report, we conducted a prospective nested case-control study of the association between serum carotenoids, retinoids, and tocopherols on both lung and prostate cancer incidence. Prerandom...

PURPOSE We examined the efficacy of retinol palmitate (VApal) for dry eyes using dry eye model rabbits whose lacrimal glands were resected. MATERIALS AND METHODS After alkaline injury on keratoconjunctival epithelium, VApal eye drops were administered 6 times a day for 7 days. The efficacy of VApal was also compared with that of 0.1% hyaluronic acid eye drops. RESULTS The fluorescein staini...

The physiological functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are only beginning to unfold. Studies in wildtype and AHR knockout (AHRKO) mice have recently disclosed that activity is required for obesity steatohepatitis develop when fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, line AHRKO mouse has been reported accumulate retinoids liver. Whether these universal manifestations across speci...

To assess different effects of royal Jelly in protecting the human endothelial cells from high glucose level, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to various concentrations of royal jelly, from 0.625 to 10 mg/ml, at the presence of 5 and 30 mM glucose contents over a course of 72 h. In addition to cell viability assessment by conventional MTT assay, we also analyzed the feature o...