A Retraction of the Original research article “Astragali Radix Isoflavones Synergistically Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Via Activating Estrogen Receptor-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway”Gu Y, Chen X, Fu S, Liu W, Wang Q, K-J Shen J (2021) Astragali Receptor□PI3K-Akt Pathway. Front. Pharmacol. 12:533028. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.533028"Following publication, concerns were raised r...

OBJECTIVES To assess why articles are retracted from BioMed Central journals, whether retraction notices adhered to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, and are becoming more frequent as a proportion of published articles. DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 134 retractions from January 2000 to December 2015. RESULTS 134 retraction notices were publish...

PURPOSE To study the neuroanatomic characteristics of patients with Duane's retraction syndrome with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS The study included 11 consecutive cases, including five patients with type I, one patient with type II, four patients with type III, and one patient with inverse Duane's retraction syndrome. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging o...

Local application of sphingosine (1-10 microM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C, to NGF-supplied, distal neurites of rat sympathetic neurons in compartmented cultures caused their retraction and/or degeneration within 24 hr. This effect was specific for distal neurites because sphingosine (even at 100 microM) applied to cell bodies and/or proximal neurites did not destroy these regions of the ...

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the flaws in underlying physics, assumptions, and mathematical reasoning. An investigation was conducted accordance with Frontiers guidelines authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation.This retraction approved by Chief Editors of Physics Editor-in-Chief Frontiers. The did not agree this retraction.

We report four unusual cases of upper eyelid retraction following periorbital trauma. Four previously healthy patients were evaluated for unilateral upper eyelid retraction following periorbital trauma. A 31-year-old man (Case 1) and a 24-year-old man (Case 2) presented with left upper eyelid retraction which developed after blow-out fractures, a 44-year-old woman (Case 3) presented with left u...

AIM Retraction of maxillary canines after first premolar extractions is a very common orthodontic task in cases of crowding or for the correction of large overjet. Many studies have been done to increase the rate of retraction. The aim is to compare the rate of canine retraction into recent extraction site with and without circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat...

The adhesion of eosinophils to nerve cells and the subsequent release of eosinophil products may contribute to the pathogenesis of conditions such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In this study we have separately examined the consequences of eosinophil adhesion and degranulation for nerve cell morphology and development. Eosinophils induced neurite retraction of cultured guinea pig par...

A key step in cell migration is the dynamic formation and disassembly of adhesions at the front and the concomitant movement and release of adhesions in the rear of the cell. Fibroblasts maintained in the absence of serum have stable adhesions within the rear of the cell and exhibit reduced trailing-edge retraction resulting in an elongated cell phenotype. Addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA...