Acetylcholine in the striatal complex plays an important role in normal behavior and is affected in a number of neurological disorders. Although early studies suggested that acetylcholine in the striatum (STR) is derived almost exclusively from cholinergic interneurons (CIN), recent axonal mapping studies using conditional anterograde tracing have revealed the existence of a prominent direct ch...

The mechanism of the AV nodal Wenckebach phenomenon was studied in 25 dogs by multiple atrial and His bundle electrogram (HBE) recordings. During ventricular stimulation with 1:1 retrograde conduction, the interval from the stimulus artifact to the retrograde His deflection (S-H interval) remained constant. Decreasing the cycle length of stimulation (CLS) resulted in retrograde AV nodal Wenckeb...

The mechanism of the AV nodal Wenckebach phenomenon was studied in 25 dogs by multiple atrial and His bundle electrogram (HBE) recordings. During ventricular stimulation with 1:1 retrograde conduction, the interval from the stimulus artifact to the retrograde His deflection (S-H interval) remained constant. Decreasing the cycle length of stimulation (CLS) resulted in retrograde AV nodal Wenckeb...

Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect and preliminary clinical outcomes of percutaneous puncture, aspiration, injection of scolicidal agent and reaspiration (PAIR) in patients with liver hydatid disease. Materials and methods: Data of a total of 41 patients with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst of the liver who underwent treatment with PAIR procedure were analysed between January ...

Damage to axonal fibers in both central and peripheral nervous system leads to degeneration. The degeneration can be anterograde (Wallerian) in which injury to the cell body or proximal regions of the axon leads to degeneration in the axon distal to the damage. Retrograde degeneration is death of the cell body following axonal injury and can be seen throughout the Central Nervous System (CNS) i...

Anatomical variations or anomalies of the pancreatic ducts are important in the planning and performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and surgical procedures of the pancreas. Normal pancreatic duct anatomy occurs in approximately 94.3% of cases, and multiple variations have been described for the remaining 5.7%. The purpose of this study was to review the literature ...

Malaysia is a country consisting of people of Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic origin and also of some Indonesian and Thai population. In this study of acute pancreatitis, the age group, sex incidence, clinical features, complications and treatment were compared between different ethnic groups. A total of Þ ftyfour consecutive patients admitted in Sungai Petani Hospital, Kedah, Malaysia with ac...

originating from the pericytes of Zimmermann that are normally present in the basal membrane of the capillaries and postcapillary venules. The function of the pericytes is not well understood, although they appear to be involved in the regulation of vessel caliber. As all capillaries are enveloped by pericytes, hemangiopericytomas can be found virtually anywhere in the body (1, 2). However, thi...

The Lundh test and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were used to investigate 40 patients with known or suspected pancreatic disease. Pancreatograms were classified as being normal or showing minimal or gross changes. There was good correlation between the two tests in assessing the degree of pancreatic disease (p < 001). Gross radiographic changes were associated with a mea...