IL-32 and TNF? are important cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-32 has not been previously studied with respect to MS. Here, we report IL-32 and TNF? transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients and control individuals by real time PCR. A significant difference in IL-32 and TNF? mRNA levels of patients as compared to controls was not observed. Howeve...

Uğur Şahin, an oncologist and mRNA pioneer, discusses his firm’s development plans for cancer vaccines, mRNA-encoded proteins more.

Objective PCOS is the most frequent female endocrine disorder, affecting 5%-10% of women, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-/anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and CYP19 (aromatase) mRNA in the ovary of EV-induced PCOS rat model and the effect of the treadmill and running w...

Leptin is secreted mainly by fat, which is involved in energy metabolism and reproduction. Leptin and itsreceptor (Ob-R) have been detected in human spermatozoa and testis, thus it can be concluded leptin involves in male physiology. The goal of this study was determination of the presence of leptin receptor mRNA in the ram testis, epididymis and spermatozoa by reverse transcription polymerase ...

Induction of protein synthesis by the external delivery of in-vitro transcription-messenger RNA (IVT-mRNA) has been a useful approach in the realm of cell biology, disease treatment, ‎reprogramming of cells, and vaccine design. Therefore, the development of new formulations for ‎protection of mRNA against nucleases is required to maintain its activity in-vivo. It was the aim o...