The question of why some introduced species become invasive and others do not is the central puzzle of invasion biology. Two of the principal explanations for this phenomenon concern functional traits: invasive species may have higher values of competitively advantageous traits than non-invasive species, or they may have greater phenotypic plasticity in traits that permits them to survive the c...

Visual perception begins with the absorption of a photon by an opsin pigment, inducing isomerization of its 11-cis-retinaldehyde chromophore. After a brief period of activation, the resulting all-trans-retinaldehyde dissociates from the opsin apoprotein rendering it insensitive to light. Restoring light sensitivity to apo-opsin requires thermal re-isomerization of all-trans-retinaldehyde to 11-...

Drought is one of the main abiotic stress factor that limits plant growth and development. effects on Borago officinalis L. (borage) plants in terms physiological antioxidant responses have been evaluated this study. In parallel with purpose, relative rate (RGR), leaf water content (RWC), osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, su...

A field experiment was carried out in the year 2014 and 2015 at experimental of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate effect agronomic weed management practices on crop growth rate (CGR) relative (RGR) direct seeded rice. Twenty-four treatment combinations consisting two mulching viz. no mulch live (brown manuring with Sesbania) nitrogen levels (120 kg ha-1, 150 ha-1&nbs...

Fins. I and z: FIG. I (left). Calculated mean quadratic elongation (h)-bond angle variance (~) distributions for four ideal types of distortion in coordination octahedra arising from the progressive shortening of the octahedral edges emphasized in insets a, b, c, and d: RGR, trend line for observed data (Robinson et al., I97I). FIG. 2 (right). Calculated mean quadratic elongation (;~)-bond angl...

The submerged species Carolina fanwort ( Cabomba caroliniana ) has attracted considerable attention in Lake Taihu Basin (LTB), China. This was widely used as a garden plant until 2016, when it identified invasive. In this study, we conducted mesocosm experiment to compare the morphological traits, includingtotal dry mass, shoot/root (S/R) ratio, relative growth rate (RGR) and competition index ...

Salinity and low nitrogen availability are two major abiotic stresses that often coexist disturb plant productivity. This study aimed at investigating the combined effects of salinity (0 100 mM NaCl) (0.5 5.0 NH4NO3) levels on morphological parameters, mineral status, use efficiency, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase (NR, E.C. 1.6.6.1) glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) activities Sulla carn...

The changing environmental factors exerted great influences on coastal macroalgal communities. To study the responses of brown seaweed Sargassum horneri to temperature and light, S. was cultured under three temperatures (20, 25 30°C) light intensities (30, 60, 120 µmol photonsm−2 s−1) for seven days. growth rate, chlorophyll a (Chl a) carotenoids (Car) contents, fluorescence, photosynthetic oxy...

Although many studies have examined the effects of elevated carbon dioxide on plant ‘‘growth,’’ the dynamics of growth involve at least two parameters, namely, an early rate of exponential size increase and an asymptotic size reached late in plant ontogeny. The common practice of quantifying CO2 responses as a single ‘‘response ratio’’ thus obscures two qualitatively distinct kinds of effects. ...