We show that for a uniformly irreducible random walk on graph, with bounded range, there is Floyd function which the converges to its corresponding boundary. Moreover if we add assumptions, $p^{(n)}(v,w)\leq C \rho^n$, where $\rho < 1$ spectral radius, then any $f$ satisfies $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}nf(n)<\infty$, Dirichlet problem respect boundary solvable.

RfaH activates horizontally acquired operons that encode lipopolysaccharide core components, pili, toxins, and capsules. Unlike its paralog NusG, which potentiates Rho-mediated silencing, RfaH strongly inhibits Rho. RfaH is recruited to its target operons via a network of contacts with an elongating RNA polymerase (RNAP) and a specific DNA element called ops to modify RNAP into a pause- and Nus...

The function of rho factor in transcription termination depends on interactions with nascent RNA molecules that contain unpaired cytidylate residues. We show that cytidine, as a free nucleoside, inhibits the binding of rho to lambda cro mRNA and is a competitive inhibitor of rho-ATPase activity with lambda cro mRNA as cofactor. The relative ability of various cytidine analogs and other nucleosi...

AlphaMbeta2 integrins mediate phagocytosis of opsonized particles in a process controlled by RhoA, Rho kinase, myosin II, Arp2/3, and actin polymerization. AlphaMbeta2, Rho, Arp2/3, and F-actin accumulate underneath bound particles; however, the mechanism regulating Rho function during alphaMbeta2-mediated phagocytosis is poorly understood. We report that the binding of C3bi-opsonized sheep red...

Allelic association between pairs of loci is derived in terms of the association probability rho as a function of recombination theta, effective population size N, linear systematic pressure v, and time t, predicting both rho(rt), the decrease of association from founders and rho(ct), the increase by genetic drift, with rho(t) = rho(rt) + rho(ct). These results conform to the Malecot equation, ...

Transcription-termination factor rho of Escherichia coli functions as an RNA-dependent ATPase that causes transcript release at specific rho-dependent termination sites on the DNA template. Rho exists as a hexagon of identical subunits, physically organized as a trimer of dimers with D3 symmetry. The structural asymmetry of the dimer is reflected in the binding properties of rho; each dimer has...

Evidence is accumulating that the rho family, a member of the ras p21-related small GTP-binding protein superfamily, regulates cell morphology, cell motility, and smooth muscle contraction through the actomyosin system. The actomyosin system is also known to be essential for cytoplasmic division of cells (cytokinesis). In this study, we examined the action of rho p21, its inhibitory GDP/GTP exc...

Development of thymocytes can be staged according to the levels of expression of the cell-surface markers CD4, CD8, CD44, CD25 and CD2. Thymocyte development is regulated by a complex signalling network [1], one component of which is the GTPase Rho. The bacterial enzyme C3 transferase from Clostridium botulinum selectively ADP-ribosylates Rho in its effector-binding domain and thereby abolishes...

Nuclear symmetry energy ${E}_{\text{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho})$ at density $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is normally expanded or simply parameterized as a function of $\ensuremath{\chi}=(\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0})/3{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ in the form ${E}_{\text{sym}}(\ensuremath{\rho})\ensuremath{\approx}S+L\ensuremath{\chi}+{2}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{K}_{\text{sym}}{\ensuremath{\...

Cadherins are cell-cell adhesion receptors whose adhesive function requires their association with the actin cytoskeleton via proteins called catenins. The small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), Rho and Rac, are intracellular proteins that regulate the formation of distinct actin structures in different cell types. In keratinocytes and in other epithelial cells, Rho and Rac activities are r...