Question: What are the qualitative and quantitative long-term changes in the vascular epiphyte assemblage on a particular host tree species? Location: Lowland rain forest of the San Lorenzo Crane Plot, Republic of Panama. Methods: We followed the fate of the vascular epiphyte assemblage on 99 individuals of the palm Socratea exorrhiza by three censuses over the course of five years. Results: Th...

Results The differences in thermal physiology between ectotherms and endotherms result in geographically disparate macrophysiological constraints. Field metabolic rate (FMR) is stable or decreases slightly with temperature for endotherms, while it generally increases for ectotherms, leading to opposing latitudinal gradients of expected FMR. Potential activity time is a greater constraint on the...

biodiversity refers to all forms of living animals, plants and microorganisms and agro-biodiversity is a component of biodiversity that represents diversity in arable lands. the aim of this study was to determine the biodiversity status of agro-ecosystems of shahr-e-rey city located in south of tehran, through calculating species richness index using rarefaction method. to the collect required ...

Quantitative authorship attribution refers to the task of identifying the author of a text based on measurable features of the author’s style—a problem that has practical application in areas as diverse as literary scholarship, plagiarism detection, and criminal forensics. Attribution methods generally follow a generative approach, wherein a statistical “profile” is created for a set of candida...

We present a bigram-based method for deriving bi-lingual dictionary entries from two corpora of spontaneous speech (as represented in transcriptions). In contrast to e.g. [1], our method does not require translated or otherwise aligned texts; the corpora representing the source and target languages may be unrelated wrt. size, vocabulary richness, frequency distribution, and activity type. Examp...

this study was an attempt to investigate whether teaching critical reading strategies had any significant effect on intermediate efl learners’ vocabulary retention. to fulfill the purpose of this study, 72 male and female students within the age range of 17 to 32 years studying at farzan and farzanegan language schools in tehran at intermediate level were selected from a total number of 114 par...

First language learners acquire vocabulary in the context of participation in discourse, and the quantity and richness of that discourse is the best predictor of their progress. Similarly, we argue, engagement in discourse, in particular debate and discussion, is an effective component of classroom instruction for second and foreign language learners. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of a ...

The aim of this paper is to define new structures to promote adaptivity in the existing engineering approaches, concerning specifications and standards for reusable learning design. It is not our intention that the proposed structures be exhaustive, more that they add enough richness to current learning modelling languages in order to support adaptivity in instructional and pedagogical level. I...