This series of lectures is about algebraic aspects of real algebraic geometry. Partially ordered rings (porings) occur very naturally in real algebraic geometry, as well as in other branches of mathematics. There is a rich classical theory of porings (the beginnings dating back to the 1930s and 1940s). To a large extent it was inspired by the study of rings of continuous functions in analysis a...

A $Gamma$-so-ring is a structure possessing a natural partial ordering, an infinitary partial addition and a ternary multiplication, subject to a set of axioms. The partial functions under disjoint-domain sums and functional composition is a $Gamma$-so-ring. In this paper we introduce the notions of subdirect product and $(phi,rho)$-product of $Gamma$-so-rings and study $(phi,rho)$-represen...

It is known that the maximal ideals in the rings C(X) and C*(X) of continuous and bounded continuous functions on X, respectively, are in one-to-one correspondence with j3X. We have shown previously that the same is true for any ring A(X) between C(X) and C*(X). Here we consider the problem for rings A(X) contained in C'{X) which are complete rings of functions (that is, they contain the consta...

In this paper, two outwardly different graphs, namely, the zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] and comaximal of ring all real-valued continuous functions having countable range, defined on any zero-dimensional space text], are investigated. It is observed that these graphs exhibit resemblance, so far as diameters, girths, connectedness, triangulatedness or hypertriangulatedness concerned. Ho...