Consistent individual differences within (animal personality) and across (behavioural syndrome) behaviours became well recognized during the past decade. Nevertheless, our knowledge about the evolutionary and developmental mechanisms behind the phenomena is still incomplete. Here, we explored if risk-taking and exploration were consistent and linked to different ecologically relevant traits in ...

substance abuse in adolescents and its often tragic consequences, including addiction, is one of the preventable major public health problems. the aims of this paper were to estimate the prevalence of substance abuse and to evaluate its some associated factors in adolescents of tabriz city (northwest of iran).a self-administered questionnaire was completed in 4903 randomly selected students wit...

This study was conducted to investigate the attitudes and perceived social norms regarding risk behaviours as well ascertain how context influences their likelihood adhere norms. The adopted a qualitative methodology with phenomenological design. applied purposive snowballing sampling methods, in-depth interviews were among six participants. Findings indicated that students' towards risk-taking...

BACKGROUND Mediterranean lifestyle has long been hailed as protective against certain risk behaviours and diseases. Mediterranean drinking patterns of moderate alcohol consumption as part of daily life have often been assumed to protect young people from harmful alcohol consumption, in contrast to Northern European drinking patterns. Nightlife environments are strong related to alcohol and drug...

This paper examines parental reputation formation in intra-familial interactions. In a repeated two-stage game, children decide whether to drop out of high school or daughters decide whether to have births as teens and parents then decide whether to provide support to their children beyond age 18. Drawing on Milgrom and Roberts (1982) and Kreps and Wilson (1982), we show that, under certain con...

Emotional disturbances in children and adolescents may be explained basing on different aetiological theories. One of them is the attachment theory created by Bowlby. It stresses the relationships between the characteristic of children's relations with caregivers and their behaviours, which might be described as symptoms in certain circumstances. Attachment behaviours should not be treated as t...

BACKGROUND Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) is the intentional destruction of healthy body tissue without suicidal intent. DSH behaviours in non-clinical populations vary, and instruments containing a range of behaviours may be more informative than ones with restricted content. The Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) is a widely used measure of DSH in clinical populations (mental and physical health) and cove...

Young adults are at high risk for acquiring STDs/HIV due primarily to multiple sex partners, unprotected sex, and substance use combined with sexual activity. Contranormative settings--such as the annual spring break vacation--provide ideal conditions for the potentially lethal interaction between alcohol, drugs, and sexual risk-taking. As a steadily growing form of youth travel and characteriz...

In this study, the following hypotheses were explored using zebrafish Danio rerio: (1) individuals from the same cohort differ consistently in activity and risk-taking and (2) variation in activity and risk-taking is linked to individual differences in metabolic rate, body length and body condition. To examine these hypotheses, juvenile D. rerio were tested for routine metabolic rate and subseq...