Repetitive exposure to methylphenidate (MPD) elicits sensitization to its locomotor effects. Drugs that affect the GABA system may modify adaptations to drug exposure. Therefore, we have examined the effect of sodium valproate, which enhances GABA function, on the development of sensitization to MPD using an automated, computerized animal activity monitoring system to record each rat's motor ac...

Correspondence author: Mostafa Najafi, MD, Assistant Professor of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatry ward, Haajar Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran Email:Najafimostafa @ gmail.com Tel: + 98-21-5541 2222 Fax: + 98-21-5541 9113 Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of computer games and computer-assisted type instruction on dictation scores of elementary school children...

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the most commonly prescribed psychoactive drug for juveniles and adolescents. Used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals, it has been regarded as a relatively safe medication for the past several decades. However, a thorough review of the literature reveals that the age-dependent activities of t...

INTRODUCTION Since Ritalin (methylphenidate immediate-release or MPH IR) was first marketed in 1955, it has been a mainstay of treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). AREAS COVERED The postulated mechanism of action, adverse events and efficacy of MPH are examined. MPH formulations that are currently on the market in the United States and those that will soon be availab...

OBJECTIVES To explore the illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and add to our understanding of reasons (motives) and routes of administration associated with illicit use of these drugs. METHODS A random sample of 4580 college students self-administered a Web-based survey. The survey contained a variety of items pertaining to the illicit use of prescription st...

This article analyzes appropriate public policies for enhancement use of two most important stimulant drugs: Ritalin (methylphenidate) and Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts). The author argues that appropriate regulation of cognition enhancement drugs cannot be a result of a general discussion on cognitive enhancements as such, but has to be made on a case-by-case basis. Starting from the recen...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) holds the distinction of being both the most extensively studied pediatric mental disorder and one of the most controversial. 1 This is partly due to the fact that it is also the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among minors. 2 On average, one in every ten to 15 children in the U.S. has been diagnosed with the disorder and one in every 20 t...

Okay, test quiz: What do Tom Cruise, Michael Jordan, Vince Lombardi, Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, Bill Gates, Henry Ford, Elvis Presley, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, and General George Patton all have in common? Supposedly, they all have/had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD). Amazing! Think about the accomplishments of this distinguis...