This study presents an innovative approach to the design of a road weather information monitoring system (RWIS) that optimally combines spatial data on weather-related road surface conditions with data on traffic volume over a state-wide road network. The optimization method minimizes the spatially averaged ordinary kriging variance of hazardous road surface condition (HRSC) frequencies. Since ...

How should we assess the comparability of driving on a road and ‘‘driving’’ in a simulator? If similar patterns of behaviour are observed, with similar differences between individuals, then we can conclude that driving in the simulator will deliver representative results and the advantages of simulators (controlled environments, hazardous situations) can be appreciated. To evaluate a driving si...

We consider the radial structure of radiatively inefficient hydrodynamic accretion flows around black holes. We show that low-viscosity flows consist of two zones: an outer convection-dominated zone and an inner advection-dominated zone. The transition between these two zones occurs at ∼ 50 Schwarzschild radii. Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks — black hole physics — convection Depar...

in tehran megacity with 7705036 populations, 7000 tons solid waste a day has been generated in 2008. according to the municipality`s division, tehran is divided to 22 local zones. quality and quantity are the basis of planning for hazardous waste management system. in this context, selection a combination of techniques, technology and management program is imperative to achieve purposes of wast...

The determining of hazardous areas created by flammable and explosive chemicals is important to obtain a safe working environment. Taking precautions prevent explosions require detailed investigations accurate calculations instead superficial personal experience. In this context, possible leakages leaks occurring around the LPG tank its connections in real enterprise were evaluated border atmos...

Several emerging telematics technologies allow a new definition of the risk caused by the transport on road of hazardous material (hazmat), which can be more related to space and time varying factors. Since there are many varying factors (for example, the state of the road, of the weather, of the driver, of the hazardous material) which affects its degree, hazmat transport risk is by definition...

BACKGROUND Farm vehicle-related crashes (crashes) are hazardous for farm and non-farm vehicle users; however, most studies examine risk factors of injury given a crash, and shed little light on risk factors of crashes. We evaluated the association of road sinuosity and gradient with crashes in nine Midwestern States from 2005 to 2010. METHODS We collected crash data from the state departments...

The study of sympatric populations of closely related plant species often reveals evidence of hybridization. Mechanisms that reduce outcrossing (e.g., selfing, apomixis) may allow co-occurrence without gene flow. In this study, we describe patterns of genetic variation in two contact zones, each comprising three closely related morphological types, that key to three distinct species in the Nort...