It is thought that the stress concentration at the root apex caused by orthodontic force induces root resorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate stress distribution at the root in cases of deviated root shapes using finite element models (FEMs). To clarify this, five three-dimensional FEMs divided by deviated root shape (normal, short, blunt, bent root apex, pipette shape) were co...

Root growth through biopores is facilitated by low mechanical impedance and nutrient enrichment due to the deposition of organic material at biopore sheath. Plant roots earthworms impact sheath properties differently. However, literature lacks a quantitative study root distribution within pores, which were originated taproots or earthworms. According previous on pore connectivity, it can be hyp...

We discuss saddlepoint approximations to the distribution of the sum of independent nonidentically distributed binomial random variables. The saddlepoint solution is the root of a polynomial equation. The paper provides an expression for the coefficients of a polynomial of any degree, the root of which can be found using a simple root-finding algorithm. We examine the accuracy of the saddlepoin...

Visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging was employed to determine the spatial distribution of total nitrogen in pepper plant. Hyperspectral images of samples (leaves, stems, and roots of pepper plants) were acquired and their total nitrogen contents (TNCs) were measured using Dumas combustion method. Mean spectra of all samples were extracted from regions of interest (ROIs) in hyp...

Terminal meristems are responsible for all primary growth of roots. It has been asserted that all cells of root meristems are actively dividing (no cells cycle slowly or arrest in the cycle) and stem cell populations expand exponentially. Because cells do not slide relative to each other in roots, relative cell lengths may be used to determine relative cell cycle durations and/or proportions of...

Despite the obvious importance of roots to agro-ecosystem functioning, few studies have attempted to examine the effects of warming on root biomass and distribution, especially under different tillage systems. In this study, we performed a field warming experiment using infrared heaters on winter wheat, in long-term conventional tillage and no-tillage plots, to determine the responses of root b...

! The aortic root is the group of structures that make up the aortic valve. Besides the aortic leaflets, the aortic root complex includes the aortic annulus, the Valsalva sinuses, and the sinotubolar junction [1]. This group of structures has the functional role of assisting valve opening and closure by creating and maintaining the optimal pressure difference between the aorta and the left vent...

The concentrations of hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), in roots and root exudate of 1to 6days-old maize plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest concentrations of DIMBOA were found in maize root extracts and exudate when maize roots were 2 weeks old and the maize plant was approximately 15 cm in height. The h...

We analyse the distribution of the root pattern of randomly grown multidimensional point quadtrees. In particular, exact, recursive and asymptotic formulas are given for the expected arity of the root.