background: the purpose of this study was to compare the effi cacy of endovac irrigation system and side-vented closed ended needle (max-i probe) in removing smear layer from root canals at 1 mm and 3 mm from working length using protaper rotary instrumentation. materials and methods: a total of 50 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups after complete...

Recently, the Protaper Next system (Dentsply/Maillefer) was launched into the dental market. In part one of this series, published in December’s issue of Endodontic Practice, the authors outlined the clinical guidelines for the use of the Protaper Next instruments. There are five instruments in the system but most canals can be prepared by using only the first two instruments. The first instrum...

The torsion property and rotary fatigue fracture behavior of Smart K file and R reamer made of nickel titanium alloy have been studied by means of Shimadzu Autograph DDS-10T universal tester and man-made cyclic system with curved copper tubes as simulated root canal. The instrument surface and the cyclic fatigue fracture surface have been investigated by optical microscope and scanning electro...

BACKGROUND Micro-CT (μCT) studies that combine simulated canals with meglucamine diatrizoate to evaluate the shaping ability of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shaping ability of three new different nickel-titanium rotary instruments in simulated root canals using μCT. METHODS Thirty simulated root canals w...

BACKGROUND Many new rotary files systems have been introduced, however, limited research has been conducted related to the surface irregularities of these files and if these have any effects on the files themselves. Hence, the aim of the present study was to analyze surface irregularities of the ProTaper® Universal rotary files (PTU) and the ProTaper Next™ rotary files (PTN) before and after in...

Rotary root canal instruments manufactured from nickel-titanium alloy have proved to be a valuable adjunct for root canal therapy. Over the past two decades, instrument design has been considerably modified; progress has been made in manufacturing, as well as alloy processing. Clinical procedures and ideal working parameters are still being refined as new instruments continue to be introduced t...

Methods: Forty disc-shaped specimens were fabricated with a feldspathic porcelain (Super Porcelain EX3), glazed, and randomly divided into 4 experimental groups and 1 control group (n=8/group). For the experimental groups, the glazed layer was ground with a diamond rotary instrument, and the surface was polished with: rubber points (Edenta), steel finishing burs (Meisinger), silicon rubber poin...

A helicopter is not possessed of an ability to fly fast compared with fixed-wing counterparts. This is a result of considerations with the main rotor. The main rotor moves in a direction very close to its plane of rotation which naturally divides it into two halves which operate under different aerodynamic conditions. One side (called the advancing side) has the rotation and translation velocit...