Corticosteroids (CS) or hyaluronic acid (HA) is used in subacromial injection for the conservative treatment of rotator cuff tears (RCT); this study addresses the question of how CS and HA affect the tendon tissue and fibroblasts in vitro and in rats. Cell proliferation assays were performed in human tendon fibroblasts from RCT. Rats underwent surgery to create RCT, and the surgical sites were ...

Previous perfusion studies of the rotator cuff have demonstrated an area of bypovascularity in the distal part of the supraspinatus tendon. This has been implicated in the pathogenesis ofits rupture. We performed a quantitative histological analysis of the vascularity of the tendons ofsupraspinatus and infraspinatus. Vessel number, size and the percentage of the tendon occupied by vessels were ...

Tendon imaging plays a critical role in evaluating tendon diseases and injuries including mechanical, degenerative, and overuse disease, inflammatory enthesitis, as well as partial and full thickness tears. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), each with unique benefits and limitations, are commonly utilized to assist in diagnosing these diseases and conditions. This review delineate...

Background: Rotator cuff tears are the most common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in older patients. Tears with retraction greater than 5 cm or involvement two more tendons considered massive. According to literature, incidence massive injuries rotator ranges from 10 40%. The formation is a long process leading pronounced syndrome, loss function and, as result, pseudo-paralysis affected...

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a technically challenging procedure. Accessory arthroscopic portals have been described that allow for optimal suture anchor placement, suture management, and knot tying. We describe here the usefulness of an accessory posteromedial portal that facilitates direct suture retrieval through the posterior aspect of a rotator cuff tear. This portal is created appr...

OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of arthritic shoulder joints. METHODS Twenty shoulders of 20 inpatients with arthritis were evaluated by US one day before the shoulder operation. Changes in the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, biceps tendon and tendon sheath, rotatof cuff, and glenohumeral joint were recorded and compared with findings at operat...

The rotator cuff is comprised of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles and tendons. The four muscles of the rotator cuff act as stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. The supraspinatus is primarily a shoulder abductor. The supraspinatus muscle originates along the dorsal surface of the scapula. The muscle fibers course in a lateral orientation and converge to ...

The goal of improving rotator cuff healing has been a high priority for orthopedic shoulder surgeons since Codman showed the feasibility of repair in 1909. Early efforts were directed toward improving surgical techniques to optimize the mechanical tendon fixation to bone. These efforts have been very successful and include improved sutures and bone anchors, less complicated suture passing and k...

Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff tendons is a common cause of shoulder pain in adults and typically presents as activity-related shoulder pain. It is thought to be an active, cell-mediated process, although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear. Nonsurgical management continues to be the mainstay of treatment; most patients improve with modalities such as oral anti-inflammatory medic...

Background: Cumulative effects of biomechanical risk factors on rotator cuff tendinopathy have not yet been determined. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate cumulative effects of biomechanical risk factors on rotator cuff tendinopathy among workers. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 470 patients suspected of rotator cuff tendinopathy, who referred to the radi...