Neuronal cells undergo rapid growth cone collapse, neurite retraction, and cell rounding in response to certain G protein-coupled receptor agonists such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). These shape changes are driven by Rho-mediated contraction of the actomyosin-based cytoskeleton. To date, however, detection of Rho activation has been hampered by the lack of a suitable assay. Furthermore, the n...

Local application of sphingosine (1-10 microM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C, to NGF-supplied, distal neurites of rat sympathetic neurons in compartmented cultures caused their retraction and/or degeneration within 24 hr. This effect was specific for distal neurites because sphingosine (even at 100 microM) applied to cell bodies and/or proximal neurites did not destroy these regions of the ...

Abstract Background Parinaud’s syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain is characterized by a combination of signs, including upgaze palsy, convergence–retraction nystagmus, eyelid retraction and pupillary dissociation. It caused pretectal or tegmental lesions upper brainstem. Miller Fisher the triad ataxia, areflexia ophthalmoplegia, has rarely been reported to present syndrome in adults. To ou...

I want to thank the editor for asking me to address the topic of the surgical management of postblepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction (PBLER). Thanks to the authors for sharing their work with Aesthetic Surgery Journal.1 Lower eyelid retraction following lower blepharoplasty has long been an important topic of interest to aesthetic surgeons, both in terms of its prevention and its treatment. G...