BACKGROUND The medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST), which descends in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), may mediate the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the contracting sternocleidomastoid muscle. We report herein abnormal VEMPs in a patient with medial medullary infarction (MMI) that appeared to involve the MLF. CASE REPORT A patient with infarction involving the righ...

Statement of Problem. Laryngocele is a rare laryngeal disease, where there is an abnormal dilatation of the saccule of the laryngeal ventricle. It can either be internal or external, and a laryngopyocele is a rare complication of this anomaly. Internal laryngopyoceles can prove difficult to manage, as they often present with airway compromise. Method of Study. Case Report. Results. We present a...

The role of Sox2 in neurosensory development is not yet fully understood. Using mice with conditional Islet1-cre mediated deletion of Sox2, we explored the function of Sox2 in neurosensory development in a model with limited cell type diversification, the inner ear. In Sox2 conditional mutants, neurons initially appear to form normally, whereas late- differentiating neurons of the cochlear apex...

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) have recently become a popular component of the audiovestibular test battery of many neurology, otolaryngology, and audiology laboratories and clinics. Traditional VEMPs, resulting from the vestibulo-collic reflex, are evoked by intense acoustic stimuli presented via air or bone conduction and recorded from the activated ipsilateral neck musculature...

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) are short latency electromyograms (EMG) evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli and recorded from surface electrodes over the tonically contracted sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle and are presumed to originate in the saccule. The present experiments examined the effects of click and tone-burst level and stimulus frequency on the latency, amplitude, and...

Patch clamp analyses of the voltage-gated channels in sensory hair cells isolated from a variety of species have been described previously(1-4) but this video represents the first application of those techniques to hair cells from zebrafish. Here we demonstrate a method to isolate healthy, intact hair cells from all of the inner ear end-organs: saccule, lagena, utricle and semicircular canals. ...

Caroli’s syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by multiple segmental cystic or saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis. Symptoms may appear early late during life and its presentation highly variable. Portal hypertension followed development oesophageal varices main consequence Up to 60% patients are renal involvement. The diag...

Vestibular hair cells have a distinct planar cell polarity (PCP) manifest in the morphology of their stereocilia bundles and the asymmetric localization of their kinocilia. In the utricle and saccule the hair cells are arranged in an orderly array about an abrupt line of reversal that separates fields of cells with opposite polarity. We report that the putative PCP protein Prickle-like 2 (Pk2) ...

Head tilt (het) is a recessive mutation in mice causing vestibular dysfunction. Homozygotes display abnormal responses to position change and linear acceleration and cannot swim. However, they are not deaf. het was mapped to the proximal region of mouse chromosome 17, near the T locus. Here we report anatomical characterization of het mutants and high resolution mapping using a set of chromosom...