The purpose of the study was to determine the microbiological status of 161 samples cooled and frozen fish products collected from retail markets in the Republic of Bulgaria. The highest total viable counts (TVCs) in cooled fish products were established for silver carp (7.30 log cfu/g), Black sea roach (7.28 log cfu/g) and trout (7.11 log cfu/g), followed by common carp (6.81 log cfu/g), vacuu...

Extant vertebrates are divided into three major groups: hagfishes (Hyperotreti, myxinoids), lampreys (Hyperoartia, petromyzontids), and jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). The phylogenetic relationships among the groups and within the jawed vertebrates are controversial, for both morphological and molecular studies have rendered themselves to conflicting interpretations. Here, we use the sequenc...

The elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) are cartilaginous fishes that are important predatory and scavenging species within aquatic ecosystems, and as living resources to human societies globally in cultural, economic, health, biodiversity and conservation contexts. There are over 900 extant species, including the world’s largest fish (the whale shark Rhincodon typus), that arose sometime d...

heavy metals entrance to fish body tissues and transferring to human body systems after their consuming makes numerous undesirable effects and health problems. the aim of this study was to determine some heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in fresh fishes marketed in khorramabad city, west of iran. in this descriptive study, five samples of 17 fish species with high consumption were purcha...

Speed, flow and volume are the most important elements of the traffic flow. In this study, the speed-density regression models are compared between congested city road and the tolled highway based on traffic flow data on Beijing Third Ring Road (BTRR) and Jing Jin Tang Highway (JJTH) in China, which are collected by road detectors on each road. The speed-density regression curves are analyzed b...

The mating system of the sexual–asexual complex of sailfin mollies, Poecilia latipinna, and Amazon mollies, P. formosa, depends on the close proximity of individuals in aggregations or shoals because P. formosa is gynogenetic (that is, sperm only initiate embryogenesis but do not contribute genetic material) and must be inseminated by male P. latipinna. Furthermore, female P. latipinna copy the...