lag is a general term applied to coarse grained (> 2 mm), hard, but partially weathered rockfragments, which are concentrated at the surface through attrition of finer materials. based on morphology,mineralogy and the origin of lag from the cobar region of australia, lag may be conveniently grouped intothree broad morpho-mineralogical categories; (a) those with a rough, blocky, lithic morpholog...

Introduction: Radiolytic dissociation of water produces a highly reactive combination of oxidizing (e.g., H 2 O 2 , OH radicals, and O 2) and reducing (e.g., H atoms and H 2) species [1]. In subsurface environments , radiolysis can produce gradients of both electron acceptors and electron donors that are possible sources of metabolic energy [2]. Radiation-induced chemical reactions have particu...

Fluid inclusions in modern and ancient buried halite from Death Valley and Saline Valley, California, USA, contain an ecosystem of “salt-loving” (halophilic) prokaryotes and eukaryotes, some of which are alive. Prokaryotes may survive inside fluid inclusions for tens of thousands of years using carbon and other metabolites supplied by the trapped microbial community, most notably the single-cel...

Supraglacial deposits are known for their influence on glacier ablation. The magnitude of this influence depends on the thickness and the type of the deposited material. The effects of thin layers of atmospheric black carbon and of thick moraine debris have been intensively studied. Studies related to regional-scale deposits of volcanic tephra with thicknesses varying between millimetres and me...

The reserves of nitrate (NO3-) mineral resources in the Turpan-Hami Basin Xinjiang rank second after those Atacama Desert Chile, South America. Considerable attention has been devoted to nitrogen (N) sources NO3- deposits recent years due increase demand for fertilizers agriculture and chemical industries. However, although potassium (KNO3) Uyunbulak salt lake Kumish basin, Xinjiang, China, hav...

Salt caverns are an attractive solution to the growing energy demand in view of their large storage capacity, safety operation and long time. The designing process salt is still considered a complex issue despite progress geotechnical, construction exploration methods. Finding optimal shape dimensions cavern given geological conditions difficult engineering problem stability requirements. In th...

The deposition of the cerium conversion layer on aluminum alloy 7075-T6 proceeds by a simple procedure immersion, but it is affected several factors which govern its corrosion protectiveness. study aimed to investigate two crucial relationships: (i) how type salt used for affects composition, thickness, and electrochemical characteristics deposited layers, (ii) depends intermetallic particles. ...

Anthropogenic effects on climate can be mitigated through various measures, among them being CO2 sequestration in geological media. Geological sinks for CO2 do not need any major new technological development; the technology exists and has been applied for other uses. The challenge is rather to identify the most appropriate methods and sites for long-term sequestration. There are several potent...