Abstract The Sasanian period (224–651 CE) marked an era of large‐scale urban projects in southwest Asia, including Iran's semi‐arid highlands, with particular efforts to manipulate water bodies. This study presents a recent interdisciplinary investigation spring‐fed pond at the entrance Palace Ardashir (Firuzabad plain, Iran), part recently registered World Heritage site. Historical accounts su...

Article history: Received 18 September 2009 Received in revised form 21 July 2010 Accepted 11 August 2010 Available online 18 August 2010 We examine asymmetries in the impact of monetary policy surprises on stock returns between bull and bear markets in the period 1994 to 2005. We ask how these impacts respond to the relative ability of firms to obtain external finance. We find that the impact ...

M any economies, during the early stages of monetary development, experienced what appear to be sporadic relative shortfalls of small denomination means of payment. These episodes have been broadly documented in the literature under the label of “shortages of small change.” Sargent and Velde (2002), for example, review in great detail the evidence for Europe. Hanson (1979) provides an interesti...

In this paper, we consider estimation of a time-varying parameter model for a forwardlooking monetary policy rule, by employing ex-post data. A Heckman-type (1976) two-step procedure is employed in order to deal with endogeneity in the regressors. This allows us to econometrically take into account changing degrees of uncertainty associated with the Fed's forecasts of future in°ation and GDP ga...

I n January 1999, eleven European countries abandoned their respective national currencies and monetary independence to adopt a common currency, the Euro.1 This event, in which several industrialized countries formed a currency union, stands out in modern monetary history by its uniqueness, and in due time, it will allow for a better understanding of the implications of different monetary arran...

seals and clay sealings are the most important cultural material of sasanian period. there have been a few seals and bullas of various periods retained in the moghadam museum of tehran. these materials have not been introduced so far. authors of the present paper aim at to study and introduce the sasanian seals and bullas of this museum especially those bearing animal symbolic motifs. we do thi...

Impulsivity is a risk-factor associated with substance use disorders. On paper-and-pencil measures, people with comorbid psychotic disorders and substance abuse have been shown to be more impulsive than their non-using counterparts. However, there has been little research on the behavioral components that, collectively, define the construct of impulsivity, which have been identified as: tempora...