to design subsurface drainage systems, it is necessary to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. one of the most common methods for field measurement of this parameter is the shallow well pump-in test method. another method which has recently been introduced for the above measurement is the guelph permeameter method. both methods are used to measure the soil saturated hydra...

PURPOSE The b-wave of the human photopic electroretinogram (ERG) elicited by a short-flash increases in amplitude with increasing stimulus intensities at lower stimulus levels, but then decreases at higher stimulus intensities. The purpose of the present study was to explore this phenomenon in more detail, using short- and long-flash stimuli. METHODS The intensity-response functions of the b-...

PURPOSE To review the use of a new resin-dentin bonding model called the macro-hybrid layer, to quantify resin uptake and matrix shrinkage during resin infiltration and solvent evaporation. A secondary purpose was to introduce the concept of ethanol-wet bonding where water-saturated acid-etched dentin is exchanged with ethanol to create ethanol-saturated dentin. Adhesive monomers seem to penetr...

continued on page 6 The snow falls. It falls thickly, saturating the air, swirling on gusts of wind. At times, white, dull white snow striking your windshield is all you can see. You pass by Donner Summit, on I-80, tires skidding slightly on the freshly plowed road. The snow clears slightly, and you are greeted with the sight of a huge machine, a 20-ton snowblower, blowing snow out next to the ...

The alternating ABABAB π-stacked bis-1,2,3-dithiazolyl radical 2a (2, R(2)=Ph) has a conductivity σ of 3×10(-5) S cm(-1) at 300 K, and orders as a spin-canted antiferromagnet (T(N)=4.5 K) which undergoes a spin-flop transition to a field-induced ferromagnetic state saturating (at 2 K) at H ∼20 kOe.

Spatially-separated populations often exhibit positively correlated fluctuations in abundance and other population variables, a phenomenon known as spatial synchrony. Generation and maintenance of synchrony requires forces that rapidly restore synchrony in the face of desynchronizing forces such as demographic and environmental stochasticity. One such force is dispersal, which couples local pop...

LetH be a simple graph. A graph G is called anH-saturated graph ifH is not a subgraph of G, but adding any missing edge to Gwill produce a copy of H . Denote by SAT (n,H) the set of all H-saturated graphs G with order n. Then the saturation number sat(n,H) is defined as minG∈SAT (n,H) |E(G)|, and the extremal number ex(n,H) is defined as maxG∈SAT (n,H) |E(G)|. A natural question is that of whet...

This paper proposes a saturated function series approach for generating multiscroll chaotic attractors from the fractional differential systems, including one-directional (1-D) n-scroll, two-directional (2-D) nxm-grid scroll, and three-directional (3-D) nxmxl-grid scroll chaotic attractors. Our theoretical analysis shows that all scrolls are located around the equilibria corresponding to the sa...