In order to reduce straw input, soft lying mats are used increasingly instead of straw bedding in cubicle systems for dairy cows. This study aimed at comparing different types of soft lying mats with straw bedding regarding cow behaviour and leg injuries. Data were collected on five farms with straw bedding and on 13 farms using four types of soft lying mats consisting of different materials. O...

BACKGROUND In case of outbreak of rash illness in remote areas, clinically discriminating monkeypox (MPX) from severe form of chickenpox and from smallpox remains a concern for first responders. OBJECTIVE The goal of the study was therefore to use MPX and chickenpox outbreaks in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as a test case for establishing a rapid and specific diagnosis in affected remot...

INTRODUCTION Infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) was first documented in the writings of ancient civilizations as a vesicular rash of unknown causes. A relationship between herpes zoster and chickenpox was suggested in 1888 and was finally proven in the 1950s. Since then, much progress has been made in preventing and treating the disease with the introduction of a live attenuated vaccin...

CASE PRESENTATION A 10-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a three-day history of fever and generalized rash. Eleven days earlier, she had been camping in Ontario. Activities while camping included sleeping in a tent, hiking in the forest and swimming in a lake. She sustained multiple mosquito bites that were pruritic and subsequently formed scabs. Ten days before presentat...

The key events in the eradication of smallpox worldwide are related. Smallpox virus was spread by droplets, only from the appearance of the rash until scabs form, 4 weeks later. It only infected humans, making it a potential disease for eradication. It had been endemic in populous areas, largely China and India in ancient times, appearing in Europe in the 6th century and in America in 1520. ...

Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) declined in Great Britain and Ireland during the last century, due to habitat loss and the introduction of grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), which competitively exclude the red squirrel and act as a reservoir for squirrelpox virus (SQPV). The disease is generally fatal to red squirrels and their ecological replacement by grey squirrels is up to 25 times fas...

Species of eye flies and eye gnats (Diptera: Chloropidae) are severe and persistent pests of man, domestic and wild animals, and potential vectors of pathogens. The species prevailing in the Oriental region belong to the genus Siphunculina, while those in the Neotropic and Nearctic regions belong to Liohippelates and Hippelates. These are small insects of 1-2 mm that feed on wounds, lacerations...

Ecthyma contagiosum is a viral disease of sheep and goats, which is caused by Parapoxvirus. Primary cell cultures of lamb testis, lamb kidney, rabbit kidney and permanent cell lines: foetal sheep kidney (FSK), sheep foetal thymus (SFT), sheep foetal muscle (SFM), sheep plexus choroideus (SPC), bovine trachea (BTR), embryonic bovine trachea (EBTR), Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and baby hamst...

BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis, a common disease caused by chronic solar exposure and tobacco use, is considered a premalignant lesion with potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Some of the available treatments are invasive, have unaesthetic results and require multiple sessions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a therapy and its cosmetic results. METHODS: In this uncontrolled c...

Treatments of ecto- and endoparasitic infestations cats adopt drugs based on imidacloprid moxidectin. Therefore, the objective our study was comparing spot-on applied complex drugs, which have different action mechanisms their active agents, during cats. We provide data effectiveness antiparasitic drug Megastop Ultra for Cats, in comparison to Advocate Cats drug, used treatment prophylaxis bree...