introduction: allocation of the new (expensive) drugs for difficult refractory diseases and financial protection of the patients is an important challenge in the national health systems worldwide especially in developing countries.â  trastuzumab (herceptin) as one of the effective but expensive drugs, put major financial burden for the iranian patients and government. so the ministry of health ...

BACKGROUND Societies are facing medical resource scarcities, inter alia due to increased life expectancy and limited health budgets and also due to temporal or continuous physical shortages of resources like donor organs. This makes it challenging to meet the medical needs of all. Ethicists provide normative guidance for how to fairly allocate scarce medical resources, but legitimate decisions ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing mental demands on various aspects of aircrew performance. In particular, the robustness of the prioritization and allocation hierarchy of aviate-navigate-communicate was examined, a hierarchy commonly used within the aviation industry. A total of 42 trainee pilots were divided into three workload groups (low, medium, high) t...

Recent developments in genomics--the science that lies at the intersection of information technology and biotechnology--have ushered in a new era of pharmaceutical innovation. Professor Rai advances a theory of pharmaceutical development and allocation that takes account of these recent developments from the perspective of both patent law and health law--that is, from both the production side a...

BACKGROUND The optimal allocation of scarce donor livers is a contentious health care issue requiring careful analysis. The objective of this article was to design a biologically based discrete-event simulation to test proposed changes in allocation policies. METHODS The authors used data from multiple sources to simulate end-stage liver disease and the complex allocation system. To validate ...

Is firm behavior mainly driven by its environment or rather by the characteristics of its managers? We develop a cognitive theory of manager fixed effects, where the allocation of managerial attention determines firm behavior. We show that in complex environments, the endogenous allocation of attention exacerbates manager fixed effects. Small differences in managerial expertise then may result ...