In a previous paper we lifted Charles Rezk’s complete Segal model structure on the category of simplicial spaces to a Quillen equivalent one on the category of “relative categories.” Here, we characterize simplicial localization functors among relative functors from relative categories to simplicial categories as any choice of homotopy inverse to the delocalization functor of Dwyer and the seco...

1. For terrestrial carnivores, scat analysis is the technique most often used to determine diets. Various methods of interpreting scat-analysis data exist; however, little is known about how the choice of method affects the results. 2. We reviewed 50 scat-analysis papers to assess the range of methods currently used. Furthermore, we used a large data set from cape fox Vulpes chama and black-bac...

BACKGROUND A number of different pathways to obesity with different metabolic outcomes are recognised. Prenatal undernutrition in rats leads to increased fat deposition in adulthood. However, the form of obesity is metabolically distinct from obesity induced through other pathways (e.g. diet-induced obesity). Previous rat studies have shown that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy led to i...

Both breed and production systems are responsible for production efficiency and quality traits of pork. Effects of breed and production system within breed on growth, body fatness, and adipose tissues traits were assessed in the pure Basque (B, nonselected, local French) and conventional Large White (LW) breeds, reared either in a conventional (C, slatted floor), alternative (A, indoor straw be...

Head-down bed rest (HDBR) increases plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and decreases norepinephrine levels. We previously demonstrated that ANP promotes lipid mobilization and utilization, an effect independent of sympathetic nervous system activation, when infused into lean healthy men at pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that a physiolog...

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility to detect activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) using single-time-point infrared thermography of the supraclavicular skin region under thermoneutral conditions. To this end, infrared thermography was compared with 18-F-FDG PET, the current reference standard for the detection of activated BAT. METHODS 120 patients were enrolled in this study. After exclusion...

Anti-predator responses by ungulates can be based on habitat features or on the near-imminent threat of predators. In dense forest, cues that ungulates use to assess predation risk likely differ from half-open landscapes, as scent relative to sight is predicted to be more important. We studied, in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland), whether perceived predation risk in red deer (Cervus elap...

European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were introduced into lowland California in the 1880s for fur farming and hunting. The introduced foxes quickly spread throughout much of the state and have been implicated in the decline of several federally threatened and endangered ground-nesting bird species. Red foxes have been present in the East Bay for 25 to 30 years and they are regularly sighted in co...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity including intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adiposity along with other cardiometabolic risk factors in urban Asian Indians living in New Delhi. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive study with 459 subjects (217 males and 242 females), representing all socio-economic strata in New Delhi. The anthropometric prof...

K e y w o r d s T o p o l o g y , C-scattered and scattered topological spaces. ('ompactness, Fuzzy perfect maps, S-paracompactness, S*-paracompactness. Fuzzy paracompactness. *-Fuzzy paracompactness. 1. I N T R O D U C T I O N The concept of C-sca t te red topological space has been defined by Telg{,rsky [1]. A space X is said to be C-sca t te red if each of its nonempty closed subspaces conta...