with regard to the evidences of the rule, what is inferred from the qur’an and the tradition (sunna) about the matter of authority over possessions, is the impermissibility of other’s invasion of human self, which is totally unrelated to the assertion of one’s authority over oneself. the realm and the quality of human’s authority over his own organs are not known to the wise, as the relevant po...

Authority is both a pragmatic condition of much public discourse and form argumentative appeal routinely used in it. The goal this contribution to propose new account challenging authority that benefits from the interplay resources recent speech act theory argumentation theory. Going beyond standard approaches two disciplines, paper analyzes nuanced forms establishing and, especially, discourse...

Following an application from Kemin Foods LC, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Slendesta® Potato Extract and reduction of body wei...

May-June 2012 To the Editor: In the SeptemberOctober 2011 issue, Daniel Groll addresses the question of what health care providers can know about patients’ interests (“What Health Care Providers Know”). He offers helpful refinements to my claim in Patient, Heal Thyself (Oxford, 2008) that generally health providers cannot know what serves patient interests. I am honored that a careful student o...

The authority of a leader is enhanced when her commands or recommendations for action are obeyed. The authority of a leader is also enhanced when her commands are "principled" based on good reasons and therefore the leader is seen to be acting in the interests of her followers. But for a leader interested in maintaining her authority, there is often a con ict between these strategies. For examp...

Psychoanalysis is not only a crucial means of understanding human nature and treating mental illness but also an intellectual discipline with pretensions to scientific status. Ideally, general investigations within the discipline together with scientific differences between the different schools of psychoanalytic thought should be addressed in scientific ways by subjecting the ideas to empirica...

This paper presents a comparative study of forest management across four countries in East Africa and Latin America: Kenya, Uganda, Bolivia, and Mexico. It focuses on one question: Do varying proportions of women (low, mixed, high) in forest user groups influence their likelihood of adopting forest resource enhancing behavior? We found that higher proportions of females in user groups, and espe...

actors working in global health often portray it as an enterprise grounded in principled concerns, advanced by individuals and organizations who draw on scientific evidence to pursue health equity. this portrait is incomplete. it is also a field of power relations—a social arena in which actors claim and draw on expertise and moral authority to gain influence and pursue career, organizational a...

5. Auditor or Certification Authority certifies that the election results are correct and have been determined as originally specified. Who the Auditor is depends on who the results are being certified for. In physical elections in the US this role is played by a specified government/judicial official. In physical elections in some countries like India, this role is played by a citizen who is n...