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the present study is an attempt to explore any significant relationships between learners’ preferences for error correction, demotivation, and language proficiency (lp). one hundred iranian efl students, including both males and females, studying at the departments of foreign languages of shahid bahonar university of kerman and tehran university took part in this study. in order to obtain the r...

In order to describe the comovements in both conditional mean and conditional variance of high dimensional nonstationary time series by dimension reduction, we introduce the conditional heteroscedasticity with factor structure to the error correction model. The new model is called the error correction–volatility factor model. Some specification and estimation approaches are developed. In partic...