INTRODUCTION In this paper, we show that FARS data can be a comparable alternative to observational NOPUS data in estimating seat belt use in the United States once we correct for sample selection bias. RESULTS Based on assumptions of independence for seatbelt choice, we establish a lower and upper bound for seatbelt usage rates, and find that once we correct for sample selection bias, the se...

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of direct observations of smoking and use of seat belts and cell phones in drivers in the city of Barcelona, and to analyze the agreement between two observers. We performed 315 pairs of observations. The simple percentage inter-observer agreement between driver and passenger smoking was 100% with a Kappa coefficient=1.0. There was high inter-...

OBJECTIVE To assess long-term changes in health risks for employees participating in Vanderbilt University's incentive-based worksite wellness program. METHODS Descriptive longitudinal trends were examined for employees' health risk profiles for the period of 2003 to 2009. RESULTS The majority of risk factors improved over time with the most consistent change occurring in physical activity....

A survey was made of 100 consecutive pacemaker recipients to examine problems they may have experienced with seat belts whilst travelling by car, either as drivers (29 patients) or front seat passengers (50 patients). Twenty-one per cent of the drivers and 30% of the front seat passengers had experienced symptoms, usually of a mild nature. Re-siting of the generator was only necessary in 1 pati...

Passengers overload in public buses has been a problem in Tanzania. Despite some stationing police at different locations for manual check being in place, the overloading of passengers still persists. The current system doesn’t work efficiently as the check is done at random, and it is difficult during the rainy seasons and at night and it is costs and needs labor power. The findings indicate t...

Although death is a gradual process, sometimes sudden death occurs in a fraction of a minute or seconds. Here we report a 49-year-old man without any underlying disease, which has instantly died in an accident scene due to compression of neck critical elements by a three-point seat belt. The examination of the body and the results of the autopsy, toxicology and pathology tests are described fro...

We investigated whether the rating obtained in the EuroNCAP test procedures correlates with injury protection to vehicle occupants in real crashes using data in the UK Cooperative Crash Injury Study (CCIS) database from 1996 to 2005. Multivariate Poisson regression models were developed, using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score by body region as the dependent variable and the EuroNCAP sco...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to break down the association of age, sex and seat belt use with risk of death for drivers of automobiles involved in a crash into two theoretical components: intrinsic severity of the crash and occupant resilience. METHODS We studied all 84,338 pairs of drivers and front-seat passengers aged > or = 18 years in passenger cars involved in traffic crashes with...

OBJECTIVE to conduct an observational study, by means of campaigns, regarding the use of child restraint devices in cars in Goiânia. METHODS this was a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample built up as cases arose. The data were gathered into an Excel spreadsheet and were analyzed descriptively and statistically (SPSS 16.0), using chi-square and taking p < 0.05 as significant. RE...