introduction:   although there no agreement about best way for relieving  pain in delivery, finding an appropriate method with the lowest pain and drug dose and side effect shoud be considered. the aim of this study is to compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of remifentanil and meperidine as two methods of pain relieving in obstetrics during an uncomplicated labor.  materials and met...

the effectiveness of physical therapy techniques in the second stage of labor on perineal trauma in nulliparous women referring to the teaching hospitalof emam khomeini – khalkhal     sohrabi m [1] , ivan bagha r [2] *, shirinkam r [3]     received: 18feb, 2012 accepted: 6may 2012     abstract   background & aims : perineal trauma is common outcome of vaginal birth, and can cause short term and...