A reformulation of the second law thermodynamics describes unusual behavior cyclic heat engines in contact with an active bath and explains how they operate regimes not accessible to passive engines.

In this article we present a natural generalization of Newton's Second Law valid in field theory, i.e., when the parameterized curves are replaced by submanifolds higher dimension. For it introduce what have called geodesic k-vector field, analogous to ordinary and which describes inertial motions (i.e., evolution absence forces). From generalized law, corresponding Hamilton's canonical equatio...

In Capital in the Twenty-First Century , Thomas Piketty uses what he calls “the second fundamental law of capitalism” to predict that wealth-to-income ratios are poised to increase dramatically as economies’ growth rates fall during the twenty-first century. This law states that in the long run the wealth-to-income ratio equals s/g, where s is the economy’s saving rate and g its growth rate. We...