The effects of different application technologies were evaluated on the concentration, viability, and effi ciency of infective juveniles of the nematodes Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David and Steinernema sp. (IBCB-n6) to control Spodoptera frugiperda Smith on corn plants. Two hundred and eighty infective juveniles of Steinernema sp. were required to kill 100% third-instar fall ar...

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita is an economically important pest of crops. Pasteuria penetrans, is a nematode hyperparasitic bacterium capable of suppressing the reproduction of RKN and thereby useful for its management. Secreted fatty acid and retinol-binding proteins are unique in nematodes and are engaged in nutrient acquisition, development and reproduction; they are also a ...

abstract background: labor is a physiologic process, and consideration of labor pain and relieving that is among the major components of maternal care. application of some labor position can lay the fetus better in pelvic canal direction. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of laying the mother in three labor positions on the pain severity in the second, third, and fourth stages o...

Many surgeons and patients alike share the belief that the second stage of a paravertebral thoracoplasty, in comparison with the first stage, is a simple procedure. This has not been our observation, especially in so far as the comfort of the patient is concerned. This paper is offered to compare the reactions of the patient after the second stage with those which he experienced after the first...

background: probiotics, in form of microbial supplements, are known to be a suitable alternative for antibiotics and can affect the health indicators of host. objectives: the present study was conducted to assess the combined effects of dietary autochthonous saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus niger on haematological and serumbiochemicalparameters of beluga sturgeon (huso huso) juveniles. ...

Survival, growth, and food intake of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) juveniles from different stocks originating from various geographic regions of Europe were compared under the same conditions of laboratory-scale intensive culture. In Experiment 1, four stocks originating from Italy (I), southwest (SF) and northwest (NF) France, and Belgium (B) were examined at larval and early juvenile (i...

Meloidogyne partityla is a parasite of pecan and walnut. Our objective was to determine interactions between the entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex and M. partityla. Specifically, we investigated suppressive effects of Steinernema feltiae (strain SN) and S. riobrave (strain 7-12) applied as infective juveniles and in infected host insects, as well as application of S. feltiae's bacteri...

Many marine invertebrates with complex life cycles produce planktonic larvae that experience environmental conditions different from those encountered by adults. Factors such as temperature and food, known to impact the larval period, can also affect larval size and consequently the size of newly settled juveniles. After documenting natural variation in the size of cyprids (the final larval sta...

The objective of this study was to analyze the population biology and color patterns of Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1828 in a mangrove area in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Crabs were collected monthly between February 2010 and January 2012 and totaled 1,837 individuals. Sex ratios were similar between males and females in the first year and differed in the second. Sex ratios by size cl...

Hatching (Stage-1) larvae of amphidromous shrimps do not feed and must reach salt water within a few days to molt to Stage 2, the first feeding instar. Stage-1 larvae are transported from to the sea after upstream hatching by drifting in stream flow or are carried to estuaries for hatching by females migrating downstream. Hatching usually occurs during seasons or periods of high stream flow. Af...