let r be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and m be a unital r-module. then the concept of quasi-secondary submodules of m is introduced and some results concerning this class of submodules is obtained

chickpea blight caused by didymella rabiei is considered as the most important disease of chickpea in kermanshah province. the disease is seed borne in addition to being persistent on infected residues, secondary infection taking place through pycnidiospores. in laboratory tests, the effects of six fungicides were tested at : 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ?g.a.i.ml-1 csma(chickpea seed meal ag...

taxus    is an endangered plant which is the only commercial source of paclitaxel, which is used for treatment of ovary and breast cancer. as production of this valuable drug is a destructive process, other alternatives should be considered for its sustainable production. plant tissue and cell culture is a promising method for production of secondary metabolites. in order to optimize yew callus...

We recently showed, using a parental double B16 melanoma tumor model that, in the presence of CENU-treated primary tumors, untreated secondary tumors exhibited growth inhibition. This response was shown to be related to CENU-induced bystander effects. To see whether CENU-induced bystander effects were still effective on non-parental syngeneic secondary tumors, Lewis lung (3LL) secondary tumors ...

What is a tree? The popular concept of a tree, which encompasses everything from treeferns and Joshua trees to coconut palms and oaks, confounds any simple botanical definition. Nevertheless, almost all ‘trees’ have one (rarely a few) above ground, perennial vegetative shoots, of a size requiring significant nonhydrostatic structural support. In a typical seed plant tree, this structural tissue...

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is performed to examine laminar to turbulent transition due to high-frequency secondary instability of stationary crossflow vortices in a subsonic swept-wing boundary layer for a realistic natural-laminar-flow airfoil configuration. The secondary instability is introduced via inflow forcing derived from a two-dimensional, partial-differential-equation based eig...

purpose: to report a case of endogenous klebsiella endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess in iran. case report: a 79 year old man was referred with chief complaint of left eye pain and visual loss. the patient had conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, hypopyon and severe vitreous cellular reaction in the left eye and yellowish conjunctival discoloration which was apparent in the right e...

hairy root systems are formed by transforming plant tissues with the “natural genetic engineer” agrobacterium rhizogenes. in most plants such as cichorium intybus l., hairy root cultures have proven to be an efficient system for secondary metabolites production. the effect of zinc (znso4), a heavy metal, was investigated at different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 mm) on some secondary metaboli...

electrical steels are important alloys widely used in electrical instruments. the magnetic properties and low core loss of grain oriented silicon steels are closely related to the sharpness of goss texture ({110} ).the direction of is the softest direction for magnetism.  in this work, the microstructure and dependence of orientation density along the major texture fibers on the applied cold ro...

Aim of study: Understanding the factors that control tree growth in successional stands is particularly important for quantifying the carbon sequestration potential and timber yield of secondary tropical forests. Understanding the factors that control tree growth in successional stands is particularly important for quantifying the carbon sequestration potential and timber yield of secondary tro...