It is found that a previously thought-to-be well established result of density wave theory, that there is no interaction between a quasistationary spiral density wave and the basic state (i.e. the axisymmetric part) of the galactic disk, is in fact false. When solved as a nonlinear and globally self-consistent problem, the presence of non-axisymmetric patterns such as spirals or bars is shown t...

In spite of the increasing presence religion in international relations with various publications observing this and numerous authorities calling for inclusion into mainstream research, there is no universal consent to recognize religion’s role IR. our opinion, only way reconcile IR reality which has been will remain present foreseeable future researchers themselves construct—especially those o...

This paper provides a review of the recent literature on some aspects of secular trends in Western countries. In particular, we discuss height variation, mainly on the basis of conscript data. There are still large height differences between European countries, and there is a marked trend for the tallest conscripts to be in northern Europe and the shortest ones in the southern part of the conti...

This paper is concerned with the nature of suffering and its judged intractability unbearability, relevance to debates about assisted dying place age in this wider debate. Framed by idea that thoughts death, experience become more common later life, addresses assessment suffering, sources distinction between experienced witnessed context those older people seeking medically death. While can be ...

In her Remarks Upon Some Writers (1743), Catharine Trotter Cockburn takes a seemingly radical stance by asserting that it is possible for atheists to be virtuous. this paper, I examine whether or not Cockburn’s views concerning atheism commit naturalistic ethics and so-called enlightenment position on the independence of morality religion. First, response William Warburton’s critique Pierre Bay...

the first aim of this article is to present zahed’s conceptual–operational model of freedom on the basis of islamic thoughts.  the second goal is to distinguish how freedom would run in the islamic society according to this operational model. finally, we will talk about the differences between this new conceptualization of freedom and the secular one. we will introduce theoretical, social and c...