Nearbed optical and acoustical properties in coastal waters are determined by particle concentration, composition, and size distribution, all of which can change in response to erosion, deposition, advection, and particle aggregation and disaggregation. Aggregation and disaggregation rates depend on sediment concentration and turbulence in the water column, which in turn are functions of wavean...

Pectinaria (Lagis) koreni (Malmgren) is an abundant, deposit-feeding, infaunal inhabitant of shallow-water marine environments in northern Europe. Laboratory experiments were performed to quantify the polychaete's sediment processing in 2 distinct sediments, 1 fine-grained and high in combustibles, the other coarse-grained and low in combustibles. Gut passage time and time to pseudodefecation w...

Many dissolved substances attach easily to sediment particles. In the presence of suspended sediments bioavailability of dissolved substances is therefore, usually reduced and clays are even applied to "wash" natural waters upon pollution. In organisms which feed on food organisms in the size range of these suspended sediment particles, however, bioavailability of such substances may even incre...

Survival and settlement of Pocillopora damicornis larvae on hard surfaces covered with fine (<63 µm) terrigenous red clay was measured in laboratory Petri dishes. The dishes were prepared with sediment films of various thicknesses covering the bottoms. Coral larvae were incubated in the dishes for two weeks and the percent that settled on the bottom was determined. There was a statistically sig...

BACKGROUND Sorption and biodegradation are the primary processes of organic pollution remediation in aquatic and soil/sediment environments. While researchers have substantially reported their findings regarding these processes, little attention has been given to description of experimental apparatus. This technical paper aims to present the development and detailed design of a fixed-bed column...

The vast marine deep biosphere consists of microbial habitats within sediment, pore waters, upper basaltic crust and the fluids that circulate throughout it. A wide range of temperature, pressure, pH, and electron donor and acceptor conditions exists-all of which can combine to affect carbon and nutrient cycling and result in gradients on spatial scales ranging from millimeters to kilometers. D...

Accumulations of sediment beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet contain a range of physical and chemical proxies with the potential to document changes in ice sheet history and to identify and characterize life in subglacial settings. Retrieving subglacial sediments and sediment cores presents several unique challenges to existing technologies. This paper briefly reviews the history of sediment sampl...

This study investigates the fate of sediment suspended due to dredging in Newark Bay, New Jersey to characterize exposure of winter flounder spawning habitat. Winter flounder is a recreationally and commercially significant species which has experienced a steady population decline over the last twenty years. Winter flounder eggs are demersal and adhesive. Possible factors affecting spawning hab...

We performed a series of experiments to examine the aspects of deposit feeding that were relevant to studies of resource variability over short time scales. We examined particle-size selectivity, gut volume, gut residence time, and the response to a change in diet in three polychaete species: Spiochaetopterus oculatus, Spio setos and Marenzelleria viridis. All three species were particle-size s...

Exploiting the fact that the spectral characteristics of light backscattered from sediment-laden ice differ substantially from those of clean ice and that sediment tends to accumulate at the ice surface during the first melt season, remote-sensing techniques provide a valuable tool for mapping the extent of particle-laden ice in the Arctic basin and assessing its particulate loading. This study...