Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB1) tumor suppressor is one of the most frequent and early recognized molecular hallmarks of cancer. RB1, although mainly studied for its role in the regulation of cell cycle, emerged as a key regulator of many biological processes. Among these, RB1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, the alteration of which underlies both cancer development ...

The Mi-2 protein is the central component of the recently isolated NuRD nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylase complex. Although the NuRD complex has been the subject of extensive biochemical analyses, little is known about its biological function. Here we show that the two C. elegans Mi-2 homologues, LET-418 and CHD-3, play essential roles during development. The two proteins possess b...

Based on the Randic suggestion of the resolution of a structure into shape, size, and function an index representing structure-catabolic fate relationships of amino acids is constructed. The index obtained by multiplying three factors; (nb2 + nr), nc and M; representing shape, size and function respectively, where nb2 = number of double bonds, nr = number of rings, nc = number of carbon atoms, ...

the provision of an adequate quantity of cells with proper function and purity is one of the main challenges of tissue engineering studies. stem cells, with their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, are considered one of the main cell sources in the field of tissue engineering. previously, the use of chemical factors seemed to be the only possible way for stem cell differentiation. howev...

We happened to observe that text that was reflected about either the horizontal or vertical axis was more difficult to read than text that was reflected about first one and then the other, which amounts to a 180-degree rotation. In this article, we review a number of studies that examine the nature of recognizing reflected and inverted letters, and the frequency of mirror reversal errors (e.g.,...

Social networking sites such as Facebook are becoming increasingly popular and important but it remains unclear which aspects of profiles convey information used to form impressions. This study expands on research investigating the role of popularity online and its impact on perceptions of targets’ personality and appearance. Facebook profile owners’ popularity was manipulated via number of fri...

Small world models are networks consisting of many local links and fewer long range ‘shortcuts’. In this paper, we consider some particular instances, and rigorously investigate the distribution of their inter–point network distances. Our results are framed in terms of approximations, whose accuracy increases with the size of the network. We also give some insight into how the reduction in typi...

Morphogens are signaling factors that direct cell fate and tissue development at a distance from their source, and various modes of transport and interpretation have been suggested for morphogens. The recent EMBO Workshop on 'Morphogen gradients', which took place in Oxford, UK in June 2013, centered on the formation and interpretation of such morphogen gradients during development. This meetin...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002450.].