The sustainability of seed extraction from natural populations has been questioned recently. Increased recruitment failure under intense seed harvesting suggests that seed extraction intensifies source limitation. Nevertheless, areas where more seeds are collected tend to also have more intense hunting of seed-dispersing animals. We studied whether such hunting, by limiting disperser activity, ...

the purpose of this study was the introduction of seed accumulation index as a new approach in the evaluation of soil seed bank consistency in the populus caspica in noor reserved forest park. sampling were made above ground vegetation at peak vegetation cover during june 2010 by systematic- selective method. soil samples were collected during late june, late november and early february by hamm...

smirnovia iranica (sabeti) synonym: smirnovia turkestana (bunge) is a deciduous perennial bushy species of the fabaceae (papilionaceae) family. the species grow on sand dunes of desert areas, having a deep vertical root and very long horizontal or lateral roots. they have an important role in natural vegetation of desert and sand dune stabilization. limited growing areas, grazing due to good pa...

Abstract The pathologic hallmark of tuberculosis is the granuloma. A granuloma is a multifaceted cellular structure that serves to focus the host immune response, contain infection and pathology, and provide a niche for the bacillus to persist within the host. Granulomas form in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and if a granuloma is capable of inhibiting or killing most of the ...

We investigated possible pathways into mental illness via the combined effects of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), mindfulness, and irrational beliefs. The sample comprised 121 psychiatric outpatients (64.5% males, mean age = 38.8 years) with a variety of formal clinical diagnoses. Psychopathology was operationalized by means of 3 distinct indicators from the Millon Clinical Multi-Axial...

Seed purity, more appropriately seed product integrity, is maintained within a framework of regulatory (labeling) requirements through the Federal Seed Act, quality standards, seed testing performed by accredited entities, quality management practices, and production under principles and practices of coexistence. Cooperation among seed developers, seed producers, and growers at the local field ...

Ten yearling steers weighing 270-360 kg died acutely after eating early seed pod stage Lupinus argenteus (silvery lupine) containing high levels of piperidine alkaloids, including ammodendrine and N-methylammodendrine. Reduced availability of Quality feed from range moderately depleted of Quality grasses appeared a major factor in causing the cattle to graze lupine. Proximate analysis of whole ...

Seed development of flowering plant is a complicated process controlled by a signal network. Double fertilization generates 2 zygotic products (embryo and endosperm). Embryo gives rise to a daughter plant while endosperm provides nutrients for embryo during embryogenesis and germination. Seed coat differentiates from maternally derived integument and encloses embryo and endosperm. Seed size/mas...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal networks. The clearance of Aβ from the brain and anti-inflammation are potential important strategies to prevent and treat disease. In a previous study, we demonstrated the grape seed extract (GSE) could reduce brain Aβ burden and microglia activation, but which polyphenol...

BACKGROUND In the past 20 years, the incidence of prostate cancer has risen rapidly. It has been ranked as the third most common malignant tumor of the male genitourinary system. Testicular metastasis is uncommon in prostate cancer. Most cases are incidentally found in the treatment of prostate cancer with orchiectomy. Therefore, we believed it was necessary to report the case of our patient wi...