PURPOSE To determine the distribution of negative relative accommodation (NRA) and positive relative accommodation (PRA) and its relationship with binocular vision indices in a young population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted in a student population, samples were selected through multistage cluster sampling. All the samples underwent the measurement of uncorrected and correct...

In adaptive cluster sampling, first proposed by Thompson (1990, 1992) and studied in detail by Thompson and Seber (1996), an initial sample of units is selected and, whenever the value of the variable of interest satisfies a specified condition, neighbouring units are added to the sample. The neighbourhood of a unit may be defined by spatial proximity or, in the case of human population, by soc...

BACKGROUND The internet is a phenomena that changes human, specially the younger generation's, life in the 21(st) century. Online communication is a common way of interacting among adolescents who experience feelings of social anxiety. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and online communication in adolescents. METHODS Three hundred and thirty stud...

OBJECTIVES Escherichia coli are an important group of bacteria in the normal gastrointestinal system but can sometimes cause infections in domestic animals and man. Donkeys are routinely used as multipurpose animal but details of burdens of potentially infectious bacteria associated with it are limited. The prevalence and associations between intestinal shedding of E. coli O157 and animal chara...

Background: During the past century, the mean age at menarche among the North West Iranian girls has decreased. The aim of this study was to compare the age of menarche between two generations and to determine the effect of BMI on the menarche age. Materials and Methods: This cross –sectional study was carried out on 2029 girls of 9-17 years of age during September 2012 to May 2014 in North-Wes...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors, among 6- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in the city of Dezful in western Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1375 Dezful schoolchildren were selected through multistage cluster sampling. After obtaining written consent, participants had uncorrected and corrected visual acuity tests and cycloplegic refraction at the school site....

OBJECTIVE To describe how demographic characteristics and knowledge of cervical cancer influence screening acceptance among women living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS Multistage cluster sampling was carried out in 45 randomly selected streets in Dar es Salaam. Women between the ages of 25-59 who lived in the sampled streets were invited to a cervical cancer screening; 804 women accepted...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among elderly individuals in Bangladesh and India. METHOD A community-based sample of 1203 elderly individuals (670 women; mean age, 70 years) was selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique from two sites in Bangladesh and three sites in India. FINDINGS The overall prevalence of hypertension (...