One of the most common formats for storing information is XML. It is used in many areas, with its spectrum expanding day by day. A big drawback of the XML format is that the documents can be quite large. This causes problems wherever size is an important issue, for example in embedded systems or whenever the document has to be transferred over a network. Another widely used format is XMI (XML M...

The aim of this work is largely a practical one. A widely employed style of programming, particularly in structure-processing languages which impose no discipline of types, entails defining procedures which work well on objects of a wide variety. We present a formal type discipline for such polymorphic procedures in the context of a simple programming language, and a compile time type-checking ...

We describe a formal tool based on a symbolic semantics for Full LOTOS, where specifications without restrictions in their data types can be executed. The reflective feature of rewriting logic and the metalanguage capabilities of Maude make it possible to implement the whole tool in the same semantic framework, and have allowed us to implement the LOTOS operational semantics, to integrate it wi...

The administration of electronic publication in the Information Era congregates old and new problems, especially those related with Information Retrieval and Automatic Knowledge Extraction. This article presents an Information Retrieval System that uses Natural Language Processing and Ontology to index collection’s texts. We describe a system that constructs a domain specific ontology, starting...

Speech acts shape the core of pragmatic competence and their mastery is a prerequisite for successful dis- course encounters in an L2. Cross-cultural comparisons, as claimed by Johnstone (2018), are very effec- tive for knowing and acquiring the speech acts. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare a limited number of communicative routines in English and Persian within the f...

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In textual software languages, names are used to reference elements like variables, methods, classes, etc. Name resolution analyses these names in order to establish references between de nition and use sites of elements. In this paper, we identify recurring patterns for name bindings in programming languages and introduce a declarative metalanguage for the speci cation of name bindings in term...

This book must be the most thorough and comprehensive up-to-date account of restricted vocabularies English language. In Introduction, author formulates six research questions, which partly aim at design different vocabularies, and, focus on effectiveness definitions based vocabularies. Chapter 1 traces development back to 17th century outlines important stages such as Isaac Pitman's Kaeding's ...